couler
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French, from Latin cōlāre (“filter, strain, purify”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ku.le/
Audio: (file)
Verb
couler
- (transitive) to sink
- (transitive) to cast (metal); to pour (liquid)
- (intransitive) to sink
- Le bateau de croisière MV Explorer a commencé à couler après avoir heurté un iceberg.
- The cruise ship MV Explorer started to sink after striking an iceberg.
- (intransitive) to flow, to run; to slip, to skid
- (intransitive) to shed (i.e. shed blood)
- (intransitive) to go bankrupt
- (transitive, Quebec) to fail, flunk (a course, test, etc.)
Conjugation
Conjugation of couler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | couler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | coulant /ku.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | coulé /ku.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | coule /kul/ |
coules /kul/ |
coule /kul/ |
coulons /ku.lɔ̃/ |
coulez /ku.le/ |
coulent /kul/ |
| imperfect | coulais /ku.lɛ/ |
coulais /ku.lɛ/ |
coulait /ku.lɛ/ |
coulions /ku.ljɔ̃/ |
couliez /ku.lje/ |
coulaient /ku.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | coulai /ku.le/ |
coulas /ku.la/ |
coula /ku.la/ |
coulâmes /ku.lam/ |
coulâtes /ku.lat/ |
coulèrent /ku.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | coulerai /kul.ʁe/ |
couleras /kul.ʁa/ |
coulera /kul.ʁa/ |
coulerons /kul.ʁɔ̃/ |
coulerez /kul.ʁe/ |
couleront /kul.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | coulerais /kul.ʁɛ/ |
coulerais /kul.ʁɛ/ |
coulerait /kul.ʁɛ/ |
coulerions /ku.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
couleriez /ku.lə.ʁje/ |
couleraient /kul.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | coule /kul/ |
coules /kul/ |
coule /kul/ |
coulions /ku.ljɔ̃/ |
couliez /ku.lje/ |
coulent /kul/ |
| imperfect2 | coulasse /ku.las/ |
coulasses /ku.las/ |
coulât /ku.la/ |
coulassions /ku.la.sjɔ̃/ |
coulassiez /ku.la.sje/ |
coulassent /ku.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | coule /kul/ |
— | coulons /ku.lɔ̃/ |
coulez /ku.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “couler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French, from Latin cōlō, cōlare (“filter, strain, purify”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ku.le/
Verb
couler
- to flow
Conjugation
— — Conjugation of the verb couler in Walloon — Codjowaedje do viebe couler e walon
| infinitive | simple | couler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | aveur + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | simple | coulant | |||||
| compound | åyant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | coulé | coulêye | |||||
| plural | coulés | coulêyes | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | dji (dj') | ti (t') | i (il) / ele | dji (dj') / nos2 | vos | i (il) | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | coule | coules | coule | coulans | coulez | coulèt or coulnut3 |
| imperfect | couléve | couléves | couléve | couléns | coulîz | coulént | |
| preterite | coula | coulas | coula | coulîs | coulîz | coulît | |
| future | coulrè | coulrès | coulrè | coulrans | coulroz | coulront | |
| conditional | coulreu | coulreus | coulreut | coulréns | coulrîz | coulrént | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of aveur + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of aveur + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite indicative of aveur + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of aveur + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of aveur + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | ki dj' | ki t' | k' i (il) / k' ele | ki dj' / ki nos2 | ki vos | k' i (il) | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | coule | coules | coule | coulanxhe | couloxhe | coulèxhe or coulnuxhe3 |
| imperfect | coulaxhe | coulaxhes | coulaxhe | coulénxhe | coulîxhe | coulénxhe | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of aveur + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of aveur + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | coule! | — | coulans! | coulez! | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of aveur + past participle | — | simple imperative of aveur + past participle | simple imperative of aveur + past participle | — | |
| 1 The Walloon gerund is usable only with the preposition tot (Eastern, Southern) or e (Central, Western). | |||||||
| 2 The second person plural dji is used in Central and Southern dialects | |||||||
| 3 The form -èt/-exhe is used in Eastern and Southern dialects, the form -nut/-nuxhe is used in Central and Western dialects. | |||||||