crann

See also: Crann

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish crann,^[1] from Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom.

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠaun̪ˠ/^[2], /kɾˠãun̪ˠ/^[3], /kɾˠoun̪ˠ/^[4]
(Galway) IPA^(key): /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/^[5], (Eastern Cois Fharraige) /kɾˠan̪ˠ/^[6]
(Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠan̪ˠ/^[7]^[8] ~ /kɾˠɑn̪ˠ/^[9]^[8]

Noun

crann m (genitive singular crainn, nominative plural crainn)

tree
(nautical) mast

Declension

Declension of crann (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	crann	crainn
vocative	a chrainn	a chranna
genitive	crainn	crann
dative	crann	crainn

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an crann	na crainn
genitive	an chrainn	na gcrann
dative	leis an gcrann don chrann	leis na crainn

Alternative plural forms: crainnte, croinnte (Galway)

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of *crann*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
crann	chrann	gcrann

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, section 23, page 23
^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 16, page 26
^ Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 33, page 40
^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 162
^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975) The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, revised edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 665, page 122
^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 498 (i), page 179
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Hamilton, John Noel (1974) A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 261
^ Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 200, page 72; reprinted 1979

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kʷresnom. Cognate to Welsh pren.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kran͈]

Noun

crann n (genitive cruinn)

tree
wood, timber

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	crann^N	crann^N	crann^L, cranna
vocative	crann^N	crann^N	crann^L, cranna
accusative	crann^N	crann^N	crann^L, cranna
genitive	cruinn^L	crann	crann^N
dative	crunn^L	crannaib	crannaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

^H = triggers aspiration
^L = triggers lenition
^N = triggers nasalization

Quotations

c. 760 Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 64
To·fich sruth folo – ró tinn – combu derg snob cech óenchruinn.
A stream of blood gushed forth – too severe – so that the bark of every single tree was red.
c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 18^b4
.i. roth cruind forsa ndenat na cerda in lestrai nui, ꝉ cran cruin immua mbiat ocua ndenum.
i.e. a round wheel on which the potters make the new vessels, or a round piece of wood around which [the potters] are while making [the vessels].
c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 61^b13
.i. don chrunn fésin is nomen buxum hi sin, ni don torud ⁊ is ainsid neutair.
The word buxum here is for the tree itself, not for the fruit, and it is an accusative neuter.

Descendants

Middle Irish: crann
- Irish: crann
- Manx: croan
- Scottish Gaelic: crann

Mutation

Mutation of *crann*
radical	lenition	nasalization
crann	chrann	crann pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷresno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 181

Scottish Gaelic

Crann (1).

Crann (2).

Crann (3).

Crainn (4).

Tha crann (5) air bratach na h-Alba.

Crann (8).

Etymology

From Middle Irish crann (“tree”), from Old Irish crann. Cognates include Irish crann and Manx croan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʰɾau̯n̪ˠ/
Hyphenation: crann

Noun

crann m (genitive singular crainn or croinn, plural crainn or croinn)

plough
mast (of a ship)
bar, bolt
beam, shaft
saltire
pole (point of rotation)
cran (measure for herring)
crane (device for lifting)
lot (device for determining luck)
(chiefly in compounds) tree

Declension

With the slenderised vowel -ai-:

Declension of *crann* (type I masculine noun)
indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	crann	crainn
genitive	crainn	chrann
dative	crann	crainn; crannaibh^✝

definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(an) crann	(na) crainn
genitive	(a') chrainn	(nan) crann
dative	(a') chrann	(na) crainn; crannaibh^✝
vocative	chrainn	chranna

^✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

With the slenderised vowel -oi-:

Declension of *crann* (type I masculine noun)
indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	crann	croinn
genitive	croinn	chrann
dative	crann	croinn; crannaibh^✝

definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(an) crann	(na) croinn
genitive	(a') chroinn	(nan) crann
dative	(a') chrann	(na) croinn; crannaibh^✝
vocative	chroinn	chranna

^✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of *crann*
radical	lenition
crann	chrann

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Edward Dwelly (1911) “crann”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
Colin Mark (2003) “crann”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 174
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[1] Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crann”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[2] Sjoestedt, M. L. (1938) Description d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Description of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ancienne Honoré Champion, section 23, page 23

[3] Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 16, page 26

[4] Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000) Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann [Linguistics Institute of Ireland], →ISBN, section 33, page 40

[5] Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 162

[6] Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1975) The Irish of Cois Fhairrge, Co. Galway: A Phonetic Study, revised edition, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 665, page 122

[7] Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 498 (i), page 179

[Tory261-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Hamilton, John Noel (1974) A Phonetic Study of the Irish of Tory Island, Co. Donegal (Studies in Irish Language and Literature, Department of Celtic, Q.U.B.; vol. 3), Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen’s University Belfast, page 261

[9] Wagner, Heinrich (1959) Gaeilge Theilinn: Foghraidheacht, Gramadach, Téacsanna [The Irish of Teelin: Phonetics, Grammar, Texts] (in Irish), Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 200, page 72; reprinted 1979

[10] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷresno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 181

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crann

Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

Quotations

Descendants

Mutation

References

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References