crier
See also: Crier
English
Alternative forms
- cryer (archaic)
Etymology
From Middle English criour, cryour, crier, from Old French crieor (Modern French crieur), derived from the verb crier. By surface analysis, cry + -er.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkɹaɪɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkraɪə/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
Noun
crier (plural criers)
- One who cries.
- 1967, Richard M. Elman, The 28th day of Elul, page 94:
- Once again she had been stricken, beaten down, so violated that to give utterance to her feelings might have outshrilled all the criers in hell.
- An officer who proclaims the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation, such as a town crier.
Derived terms
Translations
one who gives public notice by proclamation
Anagrams
Aromanian
Alternative forms
- crieru, criel, crielu
Etymology
Probably from Latin cerebrum through a Vulgar Latin root *crebrum or possibly from the diminutive form cerebellum through a root *crebellum (compare the variant form, also found in Megleno-Romanian, which seems to still preserve the -l-). Compare Romanian creier.
Noun
crier m (plural crieri)
Synonyms
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French crier, from Old French cri(d)er, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʁi.je/
Audio: (file)
Verb
crier
Conjugation
Conjugation of crier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | crier | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | criant /kʁi.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | crié /kʁi.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crie /kʁi/ |
cries /kʁi/ |
crie /kʁi/ |
crions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criez /kʁi.je/ |
crient /kʁi/ |
| imperfect | criais /kʁi.jɛ/ |
criais /kʁi.jɛ/ |
criait /kʁi.jɛ/ |
criions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criiez /kʁi.je/ |
criaient /kʁi.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | criai /kʁi.je/ |
crias /kʁi.ja/ |
cria /kʁi.ja/ |
criâmes /kʁi.jam/ |
criâtes /kʁi.jat/ |
crièrent /kʁi.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | crierai /kʁi.ʁe/ |
crieras /kʁi.ʁa/ |
criera /kʁi.ʁa/ |
crierons /kʁi.ʁɔ̃/ |
crierez /kʁi.ʁe/ |
crieront /kʁi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | crierais /kʁi.ʁɛ/ |
crierais /kʁi.ʁɛ/ |
crierait /kʁi.ʁɛ/ |
crierions /kʁi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
crieriez /kʁi.ʁje/ |
crieraient /kʁi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crie /kʁi/ |
cries /kʁi/ |
crie /kʁi/ |
criions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criiez /kʁi.je/ |
crient /kʁi/ |
| imperfect2 | criasse /kʁi.jas/ |
criasses /kʁi.jas/ |
criât /kʁi.ja/ |
criassions /kʁi.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
criassiez /kʁi.ja.sje/ |
criassent /kʁi.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | crie /kʁi/ |
— | crions /kʁi.jɔ̃/ |
criez /kʁi.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “crier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Middle English
Noun
crier
- alternative form of criour
Norman
Etymology
Inherited from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.
Verb
crier (gerund criethie)
Old French
Alternative forms
- crider (Alexis, 11th c.)
- crïer (alt. modern spelling)
Etymology
Inherited from Vulgar Latin *crītāre.
Pronunciation
Verb
crier
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of crier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | crier | avoir crïé | |||||
| gerund | en criant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | criant | ||||||
| past participle | crïé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cri | crïes | crïe | crions | crïez | crïent |
| imperfect | crioie, crïeie, crioe, crïeve | crioies, crïeies, crioes, crïeves | crioit, crïeit, criot, crïeve | criiiens, criiens | criiiez, criiez | crioient, crïeient, crioent, crïevent | |
| preterite | criai | crias | cria | criames | criastes | crïerent | |
| future | crïerai | crïeras | crïera | crïerons | crïeroiz, crïereiz, crïerez | crïeront | |
| conditional | crïeroie, crïereie | crïeroies, crïereies | crïeroit, crïereit | crïeriiens, crïeriens | crïeriiez, crïeriez | crïeroient, crïereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | cri | cris | crit | crions | crïez | crïent |
| imperfect | criasse | criasses | criast | criissons, criissiens | criissoiz, criissez, criissiez | criassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | crïe | — | crions | crïez | — | ||
Descendants
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “quĭrītare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1484
Romanian
Noun
crier m (plural crieri)
- alternative form of creier
Declension
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
| nominative-accusative | crier | crierul | crieri | crierii | |
| genitive-dative | crier | crierului | crieri | crierilor | |
| vocative | crierule | crierilor | |||