cychwyn

Welsh

Etymology

Proto-Celtic *kom-skʷend-, from the Proto-Indo-European root *sk(ʷ)end- (“jump, climb”). Compare echwyn.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)
  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəχwɨ̞n/
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəχwɪn/

Noun

cychwyn m (uncountable)

  1. beginning, start

Verb

cychwyn (first-person singular present cychwynnaf)

  1. (transitive or intransitive) to begin, to start
    Synonym: dechrau
    Antonyms: bennu, cwpla, dibennu, gorffen, diweddu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cychwynnaf cychwynni cychwyn, cychwynna cychwynnwn cychwynnwch cychwynnant cychwynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		cychwynnwn cychwynnit cychwynnai cychwynnem cychwynnech cychwynnent cychwynnid
preterite cychwynnais cychwynnaist cychwynnodd cychwynasom cychwynasoch cychwynasant cychwynnwyd
pluperfect cychwynaswn cychwynasit cychwynasai cychwynasem cychwynasech cychwynasent cychwynasid, cychwynesid
present subjunctive cychwynnwyf cychwynnych cychwynno cychwynnom cychwynnoch cychwynnont cychwynner
imperative — cychwynna cychwynned cychwynnwn cychwynnwch cychwynnent cychwynner
verbal noun cychwyn
verbal adjectives cychwynedig
cychwynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future cychwynna i,
cychwynnaf i 		cychwynni di cychwynnith o/e/hi,
cychwynniff e/hi 		cychwynnwn ni cychwynnwch chi cychwynnan nhw
conditional cychwynnwn i,
cychwynnswn i 		cychwynnet ti,
cychwynnset ti 		cychwynnai fo/fe/hi,
cychwynnsai fo/fe/hi 		cychwynnen ni,
cychwynnsen ni 		cychwynnech chi,
cychwynnsech chi 		cychwynnen nhw,
cychwynnsen nhw
preterite cychwynnais i,
cychwynnes i 		cychwynnaist ti,
cychwynnest ti 		cychwynnodd o/e/hi cychwynnon ni cychwynnoch chi cychwynnon nhw
imperative — cychwynna — — cychwynnwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • ailgychwyn (“to restart”)
  • cychwynfa (“starting-point, origin”)
  • cychwyniad (“beginning, initiation”)
  • cychwynnol (“initial, original, starting”)
  • cychwynnwr (“starter”)
  • cychwynnydd (“starter”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cychwyn
radical soft nasal aspirate
cychwyn gychwyn nghychwyn chychwyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cychwyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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