cynhyrfu

Welsh

Etymology

From cynnwrf (excitement) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

Verb

cynhyrfu (first-person singular present cynhyrfaf)

  1. (intransitive) to become excited or agitated, to grow uneasy, to become restless
  2. (transitive) to rouse, to agitate, to excite, to provoke, to incite

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cynhyrfaf cynhyrfi cynhyrfa cynhyrfwn cynhyrfwch cynhyrfant cynhyrfir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
cynhyrfwn cynhyrfit cynhyrfai cynhyrfem cynhyrfech cynhyrfent cynhyrfid
preterite cynhyrfais cynhyrfaist cynhyrfodd cynnyrfasom cynnyrfasoch cynnyrfasant cynhyrfwyd
pluperfect cynnyrfaswn cynnyrfasit cynnyrfasai cynnyrfasem cynnyrfasech cynnyrfasent cynnyrfasid, cynnyrfesid
present subjunctive cynhyrfwyf cynhyrfych cynhyrfo cynhyrfom cynhyrfoch cynhyrfont cynhyrfer
imperative cynhyrfa cynhyrfed cynhyrfwn cynhyrfwch cynhyrfent cynhyrfer
verbal noun cynhyrfu
verbal adjectives cynnyrfedig
cynnyrfadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future cynhyrfa i,
cynhyrfaf i
cynhyrfi di cynhyrfith o/e/hi,
cynhyrfiff e/hi
cynhyrfwn ni cynhyrfwch chi cynhyrfan nhw
conditional cynhyrfwn i,
cynhyrfswn i
cynhyrfet ti,
cynhyrfset ti
cynhyrfai fo/fe/hi,
cynhyrfsai fo/fe/hi
cynhyrfen ni,
cynhyrfsen ni
cynhyrfech chi,
cynhyrfsech chi
cynhyrfen nhw,
cynhyrfsen nhw
preterite cynhyrfais i,
cynhyrfes i
cynhyrfaist ti,
cynhyrfest ti
cynhyrfodd o/e/hi cynhyrfon ni cynhyrfoch chi cynhyrfon nhw
imperative cynhyrfa cynhyrfwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • cynhyrfiad (agitation, excitement)
  • cynhyrfwr, cynhyrfydd (exciter)

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “cynhyrfu”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cynhyrfu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies