dénigrer
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin dēnigrāre, dēnigrō (“to blacken”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /de.ni.ɡʁe/
Audio: (file) - Homophones: dénigrai, dénigré, dénigrée, dénigrées, dénigrés, dénigrez
- Rhymes: -e
Verb
dénigrer
- to denigrate (to criticise or defame)
Conjugation
Conjugation of dénigrer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | dénigrer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | dénigrant /de.ni.ɡʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | dénigré /de.ni.ɡʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | dénigre /de.niɡʁ/ |
dénigres /de.niɡʁ/ |
dénigre /de.niɡʁ/ |
dénigrons /de.ni.ɡʁɔ̃/ |
dénigrez /de.ni.ɡʁe/ |
dénigrent /de.niɡʁ/ |
| imperfect | dénigrais /de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ |
dénigrais /de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ |
dénigrait /de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ |
dénigrions /de.ni.ɡʁi.jɔ̃/ |
dénigriez /de.ni.ɡʁi.je/ |
dénigraient /de.ni.ɡʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | dénigrai /de.ni.ɡʁe/ |
dénigras /de.ni.ɡʁa/ |
dénigra /de.ni.ɡʁa/ |
dénigrâmes /de.ni.ɡʁam/ |
dénigrâtes /de.ni.ɡʁat/ |
dénigrèrent /de.ni.ɡʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | dénigrerai /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁe/ |
dénigreras /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁa/ |
dénigrera /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁa/ |
dénigrerons /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɔ̃/ |
dénigrerez /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁe/ |
dénigreront /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | dénigrerais /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ |
dénigrerais /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ |
dénigrerait /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ |
dénigrerions /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
dénigreriez /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁje/ |
dénigreraient /de.ni.ɡʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | dénigre /de.niɡʁ/ |
dénigres /de.niɡʁ/ |
dénigre /de.niɡʁ/ |
dénigrions /de.ni.ɡʁi.jɔ̃/ |
dénigriez /de.ni.ɡʁi.je/ |
dénigrent /de.niɡʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | dénigrasse /de.ni.ɡʁas/ |
dénigrasses /de.ni.ɡʁas/ |
dénigrât /de.ni.ɡʁa/ |
dénigrassions /de.ni.ɡʁa.sjɔ̃/ |
dénigrassiez /de.ni.ɡʁa.sje/ |
dénigrassent /de.ni.ɡʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | dénigre /de.niɡʁ/ |
— | dénigrons /de.ni.ɡʁɔ̃/ |
dénigrez /de.ni.ɡʁe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “dénigrer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.