díriuch
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- díriug
Etymology
From dí- + *riug, from Proto-Celtic *rigus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵ-u-s ~ *h₃r̥ǵ-éw-s (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-. Sanskrit ऋजुः ~ ऋजोः (ṛjúḥ ~ ṛjóḥ, “straight”) is a precise cognate, both having generalised zero grade in the root. Ancient Greek ὀρεκτός (orektós), Latin rēctus, and English right are also related.
Because u-stem adjectives are rare in Old Irish, it is unlikely to have been borrowed from Latin dīrectus, but the addition of the intensive prefix dí- could have been influenced by the Latin term of the same meaning.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdʲiːrʲiu̯x/
Adjective
díriuch (comparative dírgu)
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | díriuch | díriuch | díriuch |
| vocative | díriuch | ||
| accusative | díriuch | dírig | |
| genitive | dírig | dírgae | dírig |
| dative | díriuch | dírig | díriuch |
| plural | masculine | feminine/neuter | |
| nominative | dírgai | dírgai | |
| vocative | dírgai | ||
| accusative | dírgai | ||
| genitive | * | ||
| dative | dírgaib | ||
*not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| díriuch | díriuch pronounced with /ðʲ-/ |
ndíriuch |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1996) “díriug”, in Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, page D-96
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “díriuch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language