daingen

Old Irish

Etymology

Unknown. It can't be related to Old Irish dingid (“to press”) because of the vowel. It could be related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”) but the semantic connection is unclear.[1][2] Bezzenberger compares Proto-Germanic *tangijaną (“to fasten”), from *denḱ- (“to bite”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdaŋʲɡʲen/

Adjective

daingen (comparative daingniu)

  1. strong, firm, solid

Inflection

o/ā-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative daingen daingen daingen
vocative daingin*
daingen**
accusative daingen daingin
genitive daingin daingne daingin
dative daingen daingin daingen
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative daingin daingne
vocative daingniu
daingne†
accusative daingniu
daingne†
genitive daingen
dative daingnib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

  • daingne
  • daingnech
  • daingnecht
  • daingnid
  • daingnigidir

Descendants

  • Irish: daingean
  • Scottish Gaelic: daingeann

Noun

daingen n

  1. stronghold, fastness, fortress, defence
  2. enclosure, fence
  3. bond, compact, covenant, espousal, security

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative daingenN daingenN daingenL, daingne
vocative daingenN daingenN daingenL, daingne
accusative daingenN daingenN daingenL, daingne
genitive dainginL daingen daingenN
dative daingenL daingnib daingnib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of daingen
radical lenition nasalization
daingen daingen
pronounced with /ð-/		 ndaingen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “Di-N-G-O-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Vendryes, Joseph (1996) Lexique Étymologique de l'Irlandais Ancien [Etymological lexicon of Old Irish] (in French), volume D, Dublin, Paris: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, pages D-11-12

Further reading

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