dlwengula
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-dlwéngula
- (transitive) to rape
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɮwenɡuːla/
Verb
-dlwengula
- (transitive) to rape
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukudlwengula | ukungadlwenguli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | dlwengula | -dlwengule | ||||
| plural | dlwengulani | -dlwenguleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyadlwengula, ngidlwengula | engidlwengulayo, engidlwengula | ngidlwengula | angidlwenguli | engingadlwenguli | ngingadlwenguli |
| 2nd singular | uyadlwengula, udlwengula | odlwengulayo, odlwengula | udlwengula | awudlwenguli | ongadlwenguli | ungadlwenguli |
| 1st plural | siyadlwengula, sidlwengula | esidlwengulayo, esidlwengula | sidlwengula | asidlwenguli | esingadlwenguli | singadlwenguli |
| 2nd plural | niyadlwengula, nidlwengula | enidlwengulayo, enidlwengula | nidlwengula | anidlwenguli | eningadlwenguli | ningadlwenguli |
| class 1 | uyadlwengula, udlwengula | odlwengulayo, odlwengula | edlwengula | akadlwenguli | ongadlwenguli | engadlwenguli |
| class 2 | bayadlwengula, badlwengula | abadlwengulayo, abadlwengula | bedlwengula | abadlwenguli | abangadlwenguli | bengadlwenguli |
| class 3 | uyadlwengula, udlwengula | odlwengulayo, odlwengula | udlwengula | awudlwenguli | ongadlwenguli | ungadlwenguli |
| class 4 | iyadlwengula, idlwengula | edlwengulayo, edlwengula | idlwengula | ayidlwenguli | engadlwenguli | ingadlwenguli |
| class 5 | liyadlwengula, lidlwengula | elidlwengulayo, elidlwengula | lidlwengula | alidlwenguli | elingadlwenguli | lingadlwenguli |
| class 6 | ayadlwengula, adlwengula | adlwengulayo, adlwengula | edlwengula | awadlwenguli | angadlwenguli | engadlwenguli |
| class 7 | siyadlwengula, sidlwengula | esidlwengulayo, esidlwengula | sidlwengula | asidlwenguli | esingadlwenguli | singadlwenguli |
| class 8 | ziyadlwengula, zidlwengula | ezidlwengulayo, ezidlwengula | zidlwengula | azidlwenguli | ezingadlwenguli | zingadlwenguli |
| class 9 | iyadlwengula, idlwengula | edlwengulayo, edlwengula | idlwengula | ayidlwenguli | engadlwenguli | ingadlwenguli |
| class 10 | ziyadlwengula, zidlwengula | ezidlwengulayo, ezidlwengula | zidlwengula | azidlwenguli | ezingadlwenguli | zingadlwenguli |
| class 11 | luyadlwengula, ludlwengula | oludlwengulayo, oludlwengula | ludlwengula | aludlwenguli | olungadlwenguli | lungadlwenguli |
| class 14 | buyadlwengula, budlwengula | obudlwengulayo, obudlwengula | budlwengula | abudlwenguli | obungadlwenguli | bungadlwenguli |
| class 15 | kuyadlwengula, kudlwengula | okudlwengulayo, okudlwengula | kudlwengula | akudlwenguli | okungadlwenguli | kungadlwenguli |
| class 17 | kuyadlwengula, kudlwengula | okudlwengulayo, okudlwengula | kudlwengula | akudlwenguli | okungadlwenguli | kungadlwenguli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngidlwengulile, ngidlwengulē | engidlwengulile, engidlwengulē | ngidlwengulile, ngidlwengulē | angidlwengulanga | engingadlwengulanga | ngingadlwengulanga |
| 2nd singular | udlwengulile, udlwengulē | odlwengulile, odlwengulē | udlwengulile, udlwengulē | awudlwengulanga | ongadlwengulanga | ungadlwengulanga |
| 1st plural | sidlwengulile, sidlwengulē | esidlwengulile, esidlwengulē | sidlwengulile, sidlwengulē | asidlwengulanga | esingadlwengulanga | singadlwengulanga |
| 2nd plural | nidlwengulile, nidlwengulē | enidlwengulile, enidlwengulē | nidlwengulile, nidlwengulē | anidlwengulanga | eningadlwengulanga | ningadlwengulanga |
| class 1 | udlwengulile, udlwengulē | odlwengulile, odlwengulē | edlwengulile, edlwengulē | akadlwengulanga | ongadlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga |
| class 2 | badlwengulile, badlwengulē | abadlwengulile, abadlwengulē | bedlwengulile, bedlwengulē | abadlwengulanga | abangadlwengulanga | bengadlwengulanga |
| class 3 | udlwengulile, udlwengulē | odlwengulile, odlwengulē | udlwengulile, udlwengulē | awudlwengulanga | ongadlwengulanga | ungadlwengulanga |
| class 4 | idlwengulile, idlwengulē | edlwengulile, edlwengulē | idlwengulile, idlwengulē | ayidlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga | ingadlwengulanga |
| class 5 | lidlwengulile, lidlwengulē | elidlwengulile, elidlwengulē | lidlwengulile, lidlwengulē | alidlwengulanga | elingadlwengulanga | lingadlwengulanga |
| class 6 | adlwengulile, adlwengulē | adlwengulile, adlwengulē | edlwengulile, edlwengulē | awadlwengulanga | angadlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga |
| class 7 | sidlwengulile, sidlwengulē | esidlwengulile, esidlwengulē | sidlwengulile, sidlwengulē | asidlwengulanga | esingadlwengulanga | singadlwengulanga |
| class 8 | zidlwengulile, zidlwengulē | ezidlwengulile, ezidlwengulē | zidlwengulile, zidlwengulē | azidlwengulanga | ezingadlwengulanga | zingadlwengulanga |
| class 9 | idlwengulile, idlwengulē | edlwengulile, edlwengulē | idlwengulile, idlwengulē | ayidlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga | ingadlwengulanga |
| class 10 | zidlwengulile, zidlwengulē | ezidlwengulile, ezidlwengulē | zidlwengulile, zidlwengulē | azidlwengulanga | ezingadlwengulanga | zingadlwengulanga |
| class 11 | ludlwengulile, ludlwengulē | oludlwengulile, oludlwengulē | ludlwengulile, ludlwengulē | aludlwengulanga | olungadlwengulanga | lungadlwengulanga |
| class 14 | budlwengulile, budlwengulē | obudlwengulile, obudlwengulē | budlwengulile, budlwengulē | abudlwengulanga | obungadlwengulanga | bungadlwengulanga |
| class 15 | kudlwengulile, kudlwengulē | okudlwengulile, okudlwengulē | kudlwengulile, kudlwengulē | akudlwengulanga | okungadlwengulanga | kungadlwengulanga |
| class 17 | kudlwengulile, kudlwengulē | okudlwengulile, okudlwengulē | kudlwengulile, kudlwengulē | akudlwengulanga | okungadlwengulanga | kungadlwengulanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngādlwengula | engādlwengula | ngādlwengula | angidlwengulanga | engingadlwengulanga | ngingadlwengulanga |
| 2nd singular | wādlwengula | owādlwengula | wādlwengula | awudlwengulanga | ongadlwengulanga | ungadlwengulanga |
| 1st plural | sādlwengula | esādlwengula | sādlwengula | asidlwengulanga | esingadlwengulanga | singadlwengulanga |
| 2nd plural | nādlwengula | enādlwengula | nādlwengula | anidlwengulanga | eningadlwengulanga | ningadlwengulanga |
| class 1 | wādlwengula | owādlwengula | ādlwengula | akadlwengulanga | ongadlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga |
| class 2 | bādlwengula | abādlwengula | bādlwengula | abadlwengulanga | abangadlwengulanga | bengadlwengulanga |
| class 3 | wādlwengula | owādlwengula | wādlwengula | awudlwengulanga | ongadlwengulanga | ungadlwengulanga |
| class 4 | yādlwengula | eyādlwengula | yādlwengula | ayidlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga | ingadlwengulanga |
| class 5 | lādlwengula | elādlwengula | lādlwengula | alidlwengulanga | elingadlwengulanga | lingadlwengulanga |
| class 6 | ādlwengula | ādlwengula | ādlwengula | awadlwengulanga | angadlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga |
| class 7 | sādlwengula | esādlwengula | sādlwengula | asidlwengulanga | esingadlwengulanga | singadlwengulanga |
| class 8 | zādlwengula | ezādlwengula | zādlwengula | azidlwengulanga | ezingadlwengulanga | zingadlwengulanga |
| class 9 | yādlwengula | eyādlwengula | yādlwengula | ayidlwengulanga | engadlwengulanga | ingadlwengulanga |
| class 10 | zādlwengula | ezādlwengula | zādlwengula | azidlwengulanga | ezingadlwengulanga | zingadlwengulanga |
| class 11 | lwādlwengula | olwādlwengula | lwādlwengula | aludlwengulanga | olungadlwengulanga | lungadlwengulanga |
| class 14 | bādlwengula | obādlwengula | bādlwengula | abudlwengulanga | obungadlwengulanga | bungadlwengulanga |
| class 15 | kwādlwengula | okwādlwengula | kwādlwengula | akudlwengulanga | okungadlwengulanga | kungadlwengulanga |
| class 17 | kwādlwengula | okwādlwengula | kwādlwengula | akudlwengulanga | okungadlwengulanga | kungadlwengulanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingadlwengula | — | ngingadlwengula | ngingedlwengule | — | ngingedlwengule |
| 2nd singular | ungadlwengula | — | ungadlwengula | ungedlwengule | — | ungedlwengule |
| 1st plural | singadlwengula | — | singadlwengula | singedlwengule | — | singedlwengule |
| 2nd plural | ningadlwengula | — | ningadlwengula | ningedlwengule | — | ningedlwengule |
| class 1 | angadlwengula | — | engadlwengula | angedlwengule | — | engedlwengule |
| class 2 | bangadlwengula | — | bengadlwengula | bangedlwengule | — | bengedlwengule |
| class 3 | ungadlwengula | — | ungadlwengula | ungedlwengule | — | ungedlwengule |
| class 4 | ingadlwengula | — | ingadlwengula | ingedlwengule | — | ingedlwengule |
| class 5 | lingadlwengula | — | lingadlwengula | lingedlwengule | — | lingedlwengule |
| class 6 | angadlwengula | — | engadlwengula | angedlwengule | — | engedlwengule |
| class 7 | singadlwengula | — | singadlwengula | singedlwengule | — | singedlwengule |
| class 8 | zingadlwengula | — | zingadlwengula | zingedlwengule | — | zingedlwengule |
| class 9 | ingadlwengula | — | ingadlwengula | ingedlwengule | — | ingedlwengule |
| class 10 | zingadlwengula | — | zingadlwengula | zingedlwengule | — | zingedlwengule |
| class 11 | lungadlwengula | — | lungadlwengula | lungedlwengule | — | lungedlwengule |
| class 14 | bungadlwengula | — | bungadlwengula | bungedlwengule | — | bungedlwengule |
| class 15 | kungadlwengula | — | kungadlwengula | kungedlwengule | — | kungedlwengule |
| class 17 | kungadlwengula | — | kungadlwengula | kungedlwengule | — | kungedlwengule |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizodlwengula | engizodlwengula | ngizodlwengula | angizudlwengula | engingezudlwengula | ngingezudlwengula |
| 2nd singular | uzodlwengula | ozodlwengula | uzodlwengula | awuzudlwengula | ongezudlwengula | ungezudlwengula |
| 1st plural | sizodlwengula | esizodlwengula | sizodlwengula | asizudlwengula | esingezudlwengula | singezudlwengula |
| 2nd plural | nizodlwengula | enizodlwengula | nizodlwengula | anizudlwengula | eningezudlwengula | ningezudlwengula |
| class 1 | uzodlwengula | ozodlwengula | ezodlwengula | akazudlwengula | ongezudlwengula | engezudlwengula |
| class 2 | bazodlwengula | abazodlwengula | bezodlwengula | abazudlwengula | abangezudlwengula | bengezudlwengula |
| class 3 | uzodlwengula | ozodlwengula | uzodlwengula | awuzudlwengula | ongezudlwengula | ungezudlwengula |
| class 4 | izodlwengula | ezodlwengula | izodlwengula | ayizudlwengula | engezudlwengula | ingezudlwengula |
| class 5 | lizodlwengula | elizodlwengula | lizodlwengula | alizudlwengula | elingezudlwengula | lingezudlwengula |
| class 6 | azodlwengula | azodlwengula | ezodlwengula | awazudlwengula | angezudlwengula | engezudlwengula |
| class 7 | sizodlwengula | esizodlwengula | sizodlwengula | asizudlwengula | esingezudlwengula | singezudlwengula |
| class 8 | zizodlwengula | ezizodlwengula | zizodlwengula | azizudlwengula | ezingezudlwengula | zingezudlwengula |
| class 9 | izodlwengula | ezodlwengula | izodlwengula | ayizudlwengula | engezudlwengula | ingezudlwengula |
| class 10 | zizodlwengula | ezizodlwengula | zizodlwengula | azizudlwengula | ezingezudlwengula | zingezudlwengula |
| class 11 | luzodlwengula | oluzodlwengula | luzodlwengula | aluzudlwengula | olungezudlwengula | lungezudlwengula |
| class 14 | buzodlwengula | obuzodlwengula | buzodlwengula | abuzudlwengula | obungezudlwengula | bungezudlwengula |
| class 15 | kuzodlwengula | okuzodlwengula | kuzodlwengula | akuzudlwengula | okungezudlwengula | kungezudlwengula |
| class 17 | kuzodlwengula | okuzodlwengula | kuzodlwengula | akuzudlwengula | okungezudlwengula | kungezudlwengula |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyodlwengula | engiyodlwengula | ngiyodlwengula | angiyudlwengula | engingeyudlwengula | ngingeyudlwengula |
| 2nd singular | uyodlwengula | oyodlwengula | uyodlwengula | awuyudlwengula | ongeyudlwengula | ungeyudlwengula |
| 1st plural | siyodlwengula | esiyodlwengula | siyodlwengula | asiyudlwengula | esingeyudlwengula | singeyudlwengula |
| 2nd plural | niyodlwengula | eniyodlwengula | niyodlwengula | aniyudlwengula | eningeyudlwengula | ningeyudlwengula |
| class 1 | uyodlwengula | oyodlwengula | eyodlwengula | akayudlwengula | ongeyudlwengula | engeyudlwengula |
| class 2 | bayodlwengula | abayodlwengula | beyodlwengula | abayudlwengula | abangeyudlwengula | bengeyudlwengula |
| class 3 | uyodlwengula | oyodlwengula | uyodlwengula | awuyudlwengula | ongeyudlwengula | ungeyudlwengula |
| class 4 | iyodlwengula | eyodlwengula | iyodlwengula | ayiyudlwengula | engeyudlwengula | ingeyudlwengula |
| class 5 | liyodlwengula | eliyodlwengula | liyodlwengula | aliyudlwengula | elingeyudlwengula | lingeyudlwengula |
| class 6 | ayodlwengula | ayodlwengula | eyodlwengula | awayudlwengula | angeyudlwengula | engeyudlwengula |
| class 7 | siyodlwengula | esiyodlwengula | siyodlwengula | asiyudlwengula | esingeyudlwengula | singeyudlwengula |
| class 8 | ziyodlwengula | eziyodlwengula | ziyodlwengula | aziyudlwengula | ezingeyudlwengula | zingeyudlwengula |
| class 9 | iyodlwengula | eyodlwengula | iyodlwengula | ayiyudlwengula | engeyudlwengula | ingeyudlwengula |
| class 10 | ziyodlwengula | eziyodlwengula | ziyodlwengula | aziyudlwengula | ezingeyudlwengula | zingeyudlwengula |
| class 11 | luyodlwengula | oluyodlwengula | luyodlwengula | aluyudlwengula | olungeyudlwengula | lungeyudlwengula |
| class 14 | buyodlwengula | obuyodlwengula | buyodlwengula | abuyudlwengula | obungeyudlwengula | bungeyudlwengula |
| class 15 | kuyodlwengula | okuyodlwengula | kuyodlwengula | akuyudlwengula | okungeyudlwengula | kungeyudlwengula |
| class 17 | kuyodlwengula | okuyodlwengula | kuyodlwengula | akuyudlwengula | okungeyudlwengula | kungeyudlwengula |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngidlwengule | ngingadlwenguli | ||||
| 2nd singular | udlwengule | ungadlwenguli | ||||
| 1st plural | sidlwengule | singadlwenguli | ||||
| 2nd plural | nidlwengule | ningadlwenguli | ||||
| class 1 | adlwengule | angadlwenguli | ||||
| class 2 | badlwengule | bangadlwenguli | ||||
| class 3 | udlwengule | ungadlwenguli | ||||
| class 4 | idlwengule | ingadlwenguli | ||||
| class 5 | lidlwengule | lingadlwenguli | ||||
| class 6 | adlwengule | angadlwenguli | ||||
| class 7 | sidlwengule | singadlwenguli | ||||
| class 8 | zidlwengule | zingadlwenguli | ||||
| class 9 | idlwengule | ingadlwenguli | ||||
| class 10 | zidlwengule | zingadlwenguli | ||||
| class 11 | ludlwengule | lungadlwenguli | ||||
| class 14 | budlwengule | bungadlwenguli | ||||
| class 15 | kudlwengule | kungadlwenguli | ||||
| class 17 | kudlwengule | kungadlwenguli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngadlwengula | ngangadlwengula, angadlwengula, angangadlwengula | ||||
| 2nd singular | wadlwengula | wangadlwengula, awadlwengula, awangadlwengula | ||||
| 1st plural | sadlwengula | sangadlwengula, asadlwengula, asangadlwengula | ||||
| 2nd plural | nadlwengula | nangadlwengula, anadlwengula, anangadlwengula | ||||
| class 1 | wadlwengula | wangadlwengula, akadlwengula, akangadlwengula | ||||
| class 2 | badlwengula | bangadlwengula, abadlwengula, abangadlwengula | ||||
| class 3 | wadlwengula | wangadlwengula, awadlwengula, awangadlwengula | ||||
| class 4 | yadlwengula | yangadlwengula, ayadlwengula, ayangadlwengula | ||||
| class 5 | ladlwengula | langadlwengula, aladlwengula, alangadlwengula | ||||
| class 6 | adlwengula | angadlwengula, awadlwengula, awangadlwengula | ||||
| class 7 | sadlwengula | sangadlwengula, asadlwengula, asangadlwengula | ||||
| class 8 | zadlwengula | zangadlwengula, azadlwengula, azangadlwengula | ||||
| class 9 | yadlwengula | yangadlwengula, ayadlwengula, ayangadlwengula | ||||
| class 10 | zadlwengula | zangadlwengula, azadlwengula, azangadlwengula | ||||
| class 11 | lwadlwengula | lwangadlwengula, alwadlwengula, alwangadlwengula | ||||
| class 14 | badlwengula | bangadlwengula, abadlwengula, abangadlwengula | ||||
| class 15 | kwadlwengula | kwangadlwengula, akwadlwengula, akwangadlwengula | ||||
| class 17 | kwadlwengula | kwangadlwengula, akwadlwengula, akwangadlwengula | ||||
Derived terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dlwengula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dlwengula (3.2.9)”