dofonaig

Old Irish

Etymology

Formed with dí- +‎ fo-. The verb stem cannot be nigid directly, since it would have resulted in a *do·fuinig via raising and palatalization of the -n-. Uhlich believes that the lack of palatalization arose under influence of related verbal nouns like fonach.[1]

Uhlich assumes that the verbal nouns were formed from an o-grade stem *noig-. Given how root-based neuter o-stem nouns are generally formed with the e-grade and zero-grade and not the o-grade, Gordon instead believes that the verbal noun's stem was either e-grade *nēg- or zero-grade nig-.[2] Díunach itself gives no indication of which, since palatalization would have been lost anyway due to syncope of the o in fo-. Both fonach and funech exist in Early Irish, meaning they are of no help either in finding out which stem grade the verbal nouns originally used.

Verb

do·fonaig (verbal noun díunach or díunag)

  1. to wash away

Inflection

Complex, class B II present, s future
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative deut. do·fonuch; do·fonug do·fonget
prot.
imperfect indicative deut.
prot.
preterite deut.
prot.
perfect deut.
prot.
future deut. do·fonus
prot.
conditional deut.
prot.
present subjunctive deut.
prot.
past subjunctive deut.
prot.
imperative
verbal noun díunach, díunnach, díunag
past participle
verbal of necessity

Mutation

Mutation of do·fonaig
radical lenition nasalization
do·fonaig do·ḟonaig do·fonaig
pronounced with /β̃-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Uhlich, Jürgen (1995) “On the Fate of Intervocalic *-ṷ- in Old Irish, Especially between Neutral Vowels”, in Ériu‎[1], volume 46, Royal Irish Academy, →ISSN, →JSTOR, retrieved 26 August 2022, pages 11–48
  2. ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 260

Further reading

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