draen

See also: Draen and dræn

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈdʁɛːn/

Noun

draen f (plural drein, singulative draenenn)

  1. (botany) thorn
  2. fishbone
  3. point, tip (of sharp object)
  4. (by extension, of arms) détente
  5. (by extension, of horse) withers
  6. (figurative) snag, hitch, problem, difficulty

Mutation

Mutation of draen
unmutated soft aspirate hard
singular draen zraen unchanged traen
plural drein zrein unchanged trein

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 104

Irish

Noun

draen m (genitive singular draein, nominative plural draenta)

  1. alternative form of draein (“drain”)

Declension

Declension of draen (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative draen draenta
vocative a dhraein a dhraenta
genitive draein draenta
dative draen draenta
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an draen na draenta
genitive an draein na ndraenta
dative leis an draen
don draen 		leis na draenta

Mutation

Mutated forms of draen
radical lenition eclipsis
draen dhraen ndraen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan, from Proto-Germanic *þrēaną, akin to Old Saxon thrāian, Old English þrāwan.

Verb

drāen

  1. to twist
  2. to turn

Conjugation

Conjugation of draen (weak class 1)
infinitive draen
indicative present past
1st person singular drau drata
2nd person singular drais, draist dratōs, dratōst
3rd person singular drait drata
1st person plural draem, draemēs dratum, dratumēs
2nd person plural draet dratut
3rd person plural draent dratun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular drae drati
2nd person singular draēs, draēst dratīs, dratīst
3rd person singular drae drati
1st person plural draēm, draēn, draemēs dratīm, dratīn, dratīmēs
2nd person plural draēt dratīt
3rd person plural draēn dratīn
imperative present
singular drai
plural draet
participle present past
draenti gidrat

Descendants

  • Middle High German: dræjen, dræn

Welsh

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *draɣen, from Proto-Celtic *dragenā (“sloetree, blackthorn, Prunus spinosa”) (compare Old Irish draigen, modern Irish draighean), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰergʰ- (“blackbush, sloe tree”).[1]

Noun

draen f (collective, singulative draenen)

  1. alternative form of drain (“thorn, prickle”)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From English drain.

Noun

draen f (plural dreiniau)[2]

  1. drain

Mutation

Mutated forms of draen
radical soft nasal aspirate
draen ddraen nraen unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “dragena”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 104
  2. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “draen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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