dreach

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish drech (“face, surface”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʲɾʲax/[2]

Noun

dreach m (genitive singular dreacha, nominative plural dreacha)

  1. facial appearance
  2. look, expression
  3. aspect
  4. face

Declension

Declension of dreach (third declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative dreach dreacha
vocative a dhreach a dhreacha
genitive dreacha dreach
dative dreach dreacha
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an dreach na dreacha
genitive an dreacha na ndreach
dative leis an dreach
don dreach 		leis na dreacha

Derived terms

Noun

dreach f (genitive singular dreiche)

  1. (literary) front

Declension

Declension of dreach (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative dreach
vocative a dhreach
genitive dreiche
dative dreich
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an dreach
genitive na dreiche
dative leis an dreich
don dreich

Verb

dreach (present analytic dreachann, future analytic dreachfaidh, verbal noun dreachadh, past participle dreachta)

  1. (transitive) delineate, portray
  2. (transitive, theater) make up

Conjugation

conjugation of dreach (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun dreachadh
past participle dreachta
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present dreachaim dreachann tú;
dreachair† 		dreachann sé, sí dreachaimid dreachann sibh dreachann siad;
dreachaid† 		a dhreachann; a dhreachas /
a ndreachann* 		dreachtar
past dhreach mé; dhreachas dhreach tú; dhreachais dhreach sé, sí dhreachamar; dhreach muid dhreach sibh; dhreachabhair dhreach siad; dhreachadar a dhreach /
ar dhreach* 		dreachadh
past habitual dhreachainn / ndreachainn‡‡ dhreachtá / ndreachtᇇ dhreachadh sé, sí / ndreachadh sé, s퇇 dhreachaimis; dhreachadh muid / ndreachaimis‡‡; ndreachadh muid‡‡ dhreachadh sibh / ndreachadh sibh‡‡ dhreachaidís; dhreachadh siad / ndreachaidís‡‡; ndreachadh siad‡‡ a dhreachadh /
a ndreachadh* 		dhreachtaí / ndreachta퇇
future dreachfaidh mé;
dreachfad 		dreachfaidh tú;
dreachfair† 		dreachfaidh sé, sí dreachfaimid;
dreachfaidh muid 		dreachfaidh sibh dreachfaidh siad;
dreachfaid† 		a dhreachfaidh; a dhreachfas /
a ndreachfaidh* 		dreachfar
conditional dhreachfainn / ndreachfainn‡‡ dhreachfá / ndreachfᇇ dhreachfadh sé, sí / ndreachfadh sé, s퇇 dhreachfaimis; dhreachfadh muid / ndreachfaimis‡‡; ndreachfadh muid‡‡ dhreachfadh sibh / ndreachfadh sibh‡‡ dhreachfaidís; dhreachfadh siad / ndreachfaidís‡‡; ndreachfadh siad‡‡ a dhreachfadh /
a ndreachfadh* 		dhreachfaí / ndreachfa퇇
subjunctive
present go ndreacha mé;
go ndreachad† 		go ndreacha tú;
go ndreachair† 		go ndreacha sé, sí go ndreachaimid;
go ndreacha muid 		go ndreacha sibh go ndreacha siad;
go ndreachaid† 		— go ndreachtar
past dá ndreachainn dá ndreachtá dá ndreachadh sé, sí dá ndreachaimis;
dá ndreachadh muid 		dá ndreachadh sibh dá ndreachaidís;
dá ndreachadh siad 		— dá ndreachtaí
imperative
– dreachaim dreach dreachadh sé, sí dreachaimis dreachaigí;
dreachaidh† 		dreachaidís — dreachtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of dreach
radical lenition eclipsis
dreach dhreach ndreach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 drech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 87

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish drech (“face, surface”).[1] The place-naming sense was probably influenced by the Cumbric/Pictish cognate (cf. Welsh drych).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪ɾɛx/

Noun

dreach m (genitive singular dreacha, plural dreachan)

  1. draft, version
  2. form, appearance
  3. complexion, hue
  4. (in place-names) an outlook, especially a favourable one

Derived terms

  • mì-dhreach (“deformity, disfiguration; bad look, unpleasant appearance, unpleasant exterior”)

Mutation

Mutation of dreach
radical lenition
dreach dhreach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 drech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ James, Alan G (2024) “The Brittonic Language in the Old North - A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence - Guide to the Elements”, in Scottish Place-Name Society‎[1]
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