ebuka
Zulu
Alternative forms
- -abuka
- -obuka
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jʊ̀bʊka, reversive form of Proto-Bantu *-jʊ̀ba.
Verb
-ebuka
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukwebuka | ukungebuki | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | yebuka | -ebuke | ||||
| plural | yebukani | -ebukeni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyebuka, ngebuka | engebukayo, engebuka | ngebuka | angebuki | engingebuki | ngingebuki |
| 2nd singular | uyebuka, webuka | owebukayo, owebuka | webuka | awebuki | ongebuki | ungebuki |
| 1st plural | siyebuka, sebuka | esebukayo, esebuka | sebuka | asebuki | esingebuki | singebuki |
| 2nd plural | niyebuka, nebuka | enebukayo, enebuka | nebuka | anebuki | eningebuki | ningebuki |
| class 1 | uyebuka, webuka | owebukayo, owebuka | ebuka | akebuki | ongebuki | engebuki |
| class 2 | bayebuka, bebuka | abebukayo, abebuka | bebuka | abebuki | abangebuki | bengebuki |
| class 3 | uyebuka, webuka | owebukayo, owebuka | webuka | awebuki | ongebuki | ungebuki |
| class 4 | iyebuka, yebuka | eyebukayo, eyebuka | yebuka | ayebuki | engebuki | ingebuki |
| class 5 | liyebuka, lebuka | elebukayo, elebuka | lebuka | alebuki | elingebuki | lingebuki |
| class 6 | ayebuka, ebuka | ebukayo, ebuka | ebuka | awebuki | angebuki | engebuki |
| class 7 | siyebuka, sebuka | esebukayo, esebuka | sebuka | asebuki | esingebuki | singebuki |
| class 8 | ziyebuka, zebuka | ezebukayo, ezebuka | zebuka | azebuki | ezingebuki | zingebuki |
| class 9 | iyebuka, yebuka | eyebukayo, eyebuka | yebuka | ayebuki | engebuki | ingebuki |
| class 10 | ziyebuka, zebuka | ezebukayo, ezebuka | zebuka | azebuki | ezingebuki | zingebuki |
| class 11 | luyebuka, lwebuka | olwebukayo, olwebuka | lwebuka | alwebuki | olungebuki | lungebuki |
| class 14 | buyebuka, bebuka | obebukayo, obebuka | bebuka | abebuki | obungebuki | bungebuki |
| class 15 | kuyebuka, kwebuka | okwebukayo, okwebuka | kwebuka | akwebuki | okungebuki | kungebuki |
| class 17 | kuyebuka, kwebuka | okwebukayo, okwebuka | kwebuka | akwebuki | okungebuki | kungebuki |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngebukile, ngebukē | engebukile, engebukē | ngebukile, ngebukē | angebukanga | engingebukanga | ngingebukanga |
| 2nd singular | webukile, webukē | owebukile, owebukē | webukile, webukē | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga |
| 1st plural | sebukile, sebukē | esebukile, esebukē | sebukile, sebukē | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga |
| 2nd plural | nebukile, nebukē | enebukile, enebukē | nebukile, nebukē | anebukanga | eningebukanga | ningebukanga |
| class 1 | webukile, webukē | owebukile, owebukē | ebukile, ebukē | akebukanga | ongebukanga | engebukanga |
| class 2 | bebukile, bebukē | abebukile, abebukē | bebukile, bebukē | abebukanga | abangebukanga | bengebukanga |
| class 3 | webukile, webukē | owebukile, owebukē | webukile, webukē | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga |
| class 4 | yebukile, yebukē | eyebukile, eyebukē | yebukile, yebukē | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga |
| class 5 | lebukile, lebukē | elebukile, elebukē | lebukile, lebukē | alebukanga | elingebukanga | lingebukanga |
| class 6 | ebukile, ebukē | ebukile, ebukē | ebukile, ebukē | awebukanga | angebukanga | engebukanga |
| class 7 | sebukile, sebukē | esebukile, esebukē | sebukile, sebukē | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga |
| class 8 | zebukile, zebukē | ezebukile, ezebukē | zebukile, zebukē | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga |
| class 9 | yebukile, yebukē | eyebukile, eyebukē | yebukile, yebukē | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga |
| class 10 | zebukile, zebukē | ezebukile, ezebukē | zebukile, zebukē | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga |
| class 11 | lwebukile, lwebukē | olwebukile, olwebukē | lwebukile, lwebukē | alwebukanga | olungebukanga | lungebukanga |
| class 14 | bebukile, bebukē | obebukile, obebukē | bebukile, bebukē | abebukanga | obungebukanga | bungebukanga |
| class 15 | kwebukile, kwebukē | okwebukile, okwebukē | kwebukile, kwebukē | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga |
| class 17 | kwebukile, kwebukē | okwebukile, okwebukē | kwebukile, kwebukē | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngēbuka | engēbuka | ngēbuka | angebukanga | engingebukanga | ngingebukanga |
| 2nd singular | wēbuka | owēbuka | wēbuka | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga |
| 1st plural | sēbuka | esēbuka | sēbuka | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga |
| 2nd plural | nēbuka | enēbuka | nēbuka | anebukanga | eningebukanga | ningebukanga |
| class 1 | wēbuka | owēbuka | ēbuka | akebukanga | ongebukanga | engebukanga |
| class 2 | bēbuka | abēbuka | bēbuka | abebukanga | abangebukanga | bengebukanga |
| class 3 | wēbuka | owēbuka | wēbuka | awebukanga | ongebukanga | ungebukanga |
| class 4 | yēbuka | eyēbuka | yēbuka | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga |
| class 5 | lēbuka | elēbuka | lēbuka | alebukanga | elingebukanga | lingebukanga |
| class 6 | ēbuka | ēbuka | ēbuka | awebukanga | angebukanga | engebukanga |
| class 7 | sēbuka | esēbuka | sēbuka | asebukanga | esingebukanga | singebukanga |
| class 8 | zēbuka | ezēbuka | zēbuka | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga |
| class 9 | yēbuka | eyēbuka | yēbuka | ayebukanga | engebukanga | ingebukanga |
| class 10 | zēbuka | ezēbuka | zēbuka | azebukanga | ezingebukanga | zingebukanga |
| class 11 | lwēbuka | olwēbuka | lwēbuka | alwebukanga | olungebukanga | lungebukanga |
| class 14 | bēbuka | obēbuka | bēbuka | abebukanga | obungebukanga | bungebukanga |
| class 15 | kwēbuka | okwēbuka | kwēbuka | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga |
| class 17 | kwēbuka | okwēbuka | kwēbuka | akwebukanga | okungebukanga | kungebukanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingebuka | — | ngingebuka | ngingebuke | — | ngingebuke |
| 2nd singular | ungebuka | — | ungebuka | ungebuke | — | ungebuke |
| 1st plural | singebuka | — | singebuka | singebuke | — | singebuke |
| 2nd plural | ningebuka | — | ningebuka | ningebuke | — | ningebuke |
| class 1 | angebuka | — | engebuka | angebuke | — | engebuke |
| class 2 | bangebuka | — | bengebuka | bangebuke | — | bengebuke |
| class 3 | ungebuka | — | ungebuka | ungebuke | — | ungebuke |
| class 4 | ingebuka | — | ingebuka | ingebuke | — | ingebuke |
| class 5 | lingebuka | — | lingebuka | lingebuke | — | lingebuke |
| class 6 | angebuka | — | engebuka | angebuke | — | engebuke |
| class 7 | singebuka | — | singebuka | singebuke | — | singebuke |
| class 8 | zingebuka | — | zingebuka | zingebuke | — | zingebuke |
| class 9 | ingebuka | — | ingebuka | ingebuke | — | ingebuke |
| class 10 | zingebuka | — | zingebuka | zingebuke | — | zingebuke |
| class 11 | lungebuka | — | lungebuka | lungebuke | — | lungebuke |
| class 14 | bungebuka | — | bungebuka | bungebuke | — | bungebuke |
| class 15 | kungebuka | — | kungebuka | kungebuke | — | kungebuke |
| class 17 | kungebuka | — | kungebuka | kungebuke | — | kungebuke |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizokwebuka | engizokwebuka | ngizokwebuka | angizukwebuka | engingezukwebuka | ngingezukwebuka |
| 2nd singular | uzokwebuka | ozokwebuka | uzokwebuka | awuzukwebuka | ongezukwebuka | ungezukwebuka |
| 1st plural | sizokwebuka | esizokwebuka | sizokwebuka | asizukwebuka | esingezukwebuka | singezukwebuka |
| 2nd plural | nizokwebuka | enizokwebuka | nizokwebuka | anizukwebuka | eningezukwebuka | ningezukwebuka |
| class 1 | uzokwebuka | ozokwebuka | ezokwebuka | akazukwebuka | ongezukwebuka | engezukwebuka |
| class 2 | bazokwebuka | abazokwebuka | bezokwebuka | abazukwebuka | abangezukwebuka | bengezukwebuka |
| class 3 | uzokwebuka | ozokwebuka | uzokwebuka | awuzukwebuka | ongezukwebuka | ungezukwebuka |
| class 4 | izokwebuka | ezokwebuka | izokwebuka | ayizukwebuka | engezukwebuka | ingezukwebuka |
| class 5 | lizokwebuka | elizokwebuka | lizokwebuka | alizukwebuka | elingezukwebuka | lingezukwebuka |
| class 6 | azokwebuka | azokwebuka | ezokwebuka | awazukwebuka | angezukwebuka | engezukwebuka |
| class 7 | sizokwebuka | esizokwebuka | sizokwebuka | asizukwebuka | esingezukwebuka | singezukwebuka |
| class 8 | zizokwebuka | ezizokwebuka | zizokwebuka | azizukwebuka | ezingezukwebuka | zingezukwebuka |
| class 9 | izokwebuka | ezokwebuka | izokwebuka | ayizukwebuka | engezukwebuka | ingezukwebuka |
| class 10 | zizokwebuka | ezizokwebuka | zizokwebuka | azizukwebuka | ezingezukwebuka | zingezukwebuka |
| class 11 | luzokwebuka | oluzokwebuka | luzokwebuka | aluzukwebuka | olungezukwebuka | lungezukwebuka |
| class 14 | buzokwebuka | obuzokwebuka | buzokwebuka | abuzukwebuka | obungezukwebuka | bungezukwebuka |
| class 15 | kuzokwebuka | okuzokwebuka | kuzokwebuka | akuzukwebuka | okungezukwebuka | kungezukwebuka |
| class 17 | kuzokwebuka | okuzokwebuka | kuzokwebuka | akuzukwebuka | okungezukwebuka | kungezukwebuka |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwebuka | engiyokwebuka | ngiyokwebuka | angiyukwebuka | engingeyukwebuka | ngingeyukwebuka |
| 2nd singular | uyokwebuka | oyokwebuka | uyokwebuka | awuyukwebuka | ongeyukwebuka | ungeyukwebuka |
| 1st plural | siyokwebuka | esiyokwebuka | siyokwebuka | asiyukwebuka | esingeyukwebuka | singeyukwebuka |
| 2nd plural | niyokwebuka | eniyokwebuka | niyokwebuka | aniyukwebuka | eningeyukwebuka | ningeyukwebuka |
| class 1 | uyokwebuka | oyokwebuka | eyokwebuka | akayukwebuka | ongeyukwebuka | engeyukwebuka |
| class 2 | bayokwebuka | abayokwebuka | beyokwebuka | abayukwebuka | abangeyukwebuka | bengeyukwebuka |
| class 3 | uyokwebuka | oyokwebuka | uyokwebuka | awuyukwebuka | ongeyukwebuka | ungeyukwebuka |
| class 4 | iyokwebuka | eyokwebuka | iyokwebuka | ayiyukwebuka | engeyukwebuka | ingeyukwebuka |
| class 5 | liyokwebuka | eliyokwebuka | liyokwebuka | aliyukwebuka | elingeyukwebuka | lingeyukwebuka |
| class 6 | ayokwebuka | ayokwebuka | eyokwebuka | awayukwebuka | angeyukwebuka | engeyukwebuka |
| class 7 | siyokwebuka | esiyokwebuka | siyokwebuka | asiyukwebuka | esingeyukwebuka | singeyukwebuka |
| class 8 | ziyokwebuka | eziyokwebuka | ziyokwebuka | aziyukwebuka | ezingeyukwebuka | zingeyukwebuka |
| class 9 | iyokwebuka | eyokwebuka | iyokwebuka | ayiyukwebuka | engeyukwebuka | ingeyukwebuka |
| class 10 | ziyokwebuka | eziyokwebuka | ziyokwebuka | aziyukwebuka | ezingeyukwebuka | zingeyukwebuka |
| class 11 | luyokwebuka | oluyokwebuka | luyokwebuka | aluyukwebuka | olungeyukwebuka | lungeyukwebuka |
| class 14 | buyokwebuka | obuyokwebuka | buyokwebuka | abuyukwebuka | obungeyukwebuka | bungeyukwebuka |
| class 15 | kuyokwebuka | okuyokwebuka | kuyokwebuka | akuyukwebuka | okungeyukwebuka | kungeyukwebuka |
| class 17 | kuyokwebuka | okuyokwebuka | kuyokwebuka | akuyukwebuka | okungeyukwebuka | kungeyukwebuka |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngebuke | ngingebuki | ||||
| 2nd singular | webuke | ungebuki | ||||
| 1st plural | sebuke | singebuki | ||||
| 2nd plural | nebuke | ningebuki | ||||
| class 1 | ebuke | angebuki | ||||
| class 2 | bebuke | bangebuki | ||||
| class 3 | webuke | ungebuki | ||||
| class 4 | yebuke | ingebuki | ||||
| class 5 | lebuke | lingebuki | ||||
| class 6 | ebuke | angebuki | ||||
| class 7 | sebuke | singebuki | ||||
| class 8 | zebuke | zingebuki | ||||
| class 9 | yebuke | ingebuki | ||||
| class 10 | zebuke | zingebuki | ||||
| class 11 | lwebuke | lungebuki | ||||
| class 14 | bebuke | bungebuki | ||||
| class 15 | kwebuke | kungebuki | ||||
| class 17 | kwebuke | kungebuki | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngebuka | ngangebuka, angebuka, angangebuka | ||||
| 2nd singular | webuka | wangebuka, awebuka, awangebuka | ||||
| 1st plural | sebuka | sangebuka, asebuka, asangebuka | ||||
| 2nd plural | nebuka | nangebuka, anebuka, anangebuka | ||||
| class 1 | webuka | wangebuka, akebuka, akangebuka | ||||
| class 2 | bebuka | bangebuka, abebuka, abangebuka | ||||
| class 3 | webuka | wangebuka, awebuka, awangebuka | ||||
| class 4 | yebuka | yangebuka, ayebuka, ayangebuka | ||||
| class 5 | lebuka | langebuka, alebuka, alangebuka | ||||
| class 6 | ebuka | angebuka, awebuka, awangebuka | ||||
| class 7 | sebuka | sangebuka, asebuka, asangebuka | ||||
| class 8 | zebuka | zangebuka, azebuka, azangebuka | ||||
| class 9 | yebuka | yangebuka, ayebuka, ayangebuka | ||||
| class 10 | zebuka | zangebuka, azebuka, azangebuka | ||||
| class 11 | lwebuka | lwangebuka, alwebuka, alwangebuka | ||||
| class 14 | bebuka | bangebuka, abebuka, abangebuka | ||||
| class 15 | kwebuka | kwangebuka, akwebuka, akwangebuka | ||||
| class 17 | kwebuka | kwangebuka, akwebuka, akwangebuka | ||||
Related terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “eɓuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “eɓuka (3.2.9)”