endlala
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jànjada, the extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-jànja (“to spread”).
Verb
-éndlala
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jànjada, the extensive derivation of Proto-Bantu *-jànja (“to spread”).
Verb
-endlala
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukwendlala | ukungendlali | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | yendlala | -endlale | ||||
| plural | yendlalani | -endlaleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyendlala, ngendlala | engendlalayo, engendlala | ngendlala | angendlali | engingendlali | ngingendlali |
| 2nd singular | uyendlala, wendlala | owendlalayo, owendlala | wendlala | awendlali | ongendlali | ungendlali |
| 1st plural | siyendlala, sendlala | esendlalayo, esendlala | sendlala | asendlali | esingendlali | singendlali |
| 2nd plural | niyendlala, nendlala | enendlalayo, enendlala | nendlala | anendlali | eningendlali | ningendlali |
| class 1 | uyendlala, wendlala | owendlalayo, owendlala | endlala | akendlali | ongendlali | engendlali |
| class 2 | bayendlala, bendlala | abendlalayo, abendlala | bendlala | abendlali | abangendlali | bengendlali |
| class 3 | uyendlala, wendlala | owendlalayo, owendlala | wendlala | awendlali | ongendlali | ungendlali |
| class 4 | iyendlala, yendlala | eyendlalayo, eyendlala | yendlala | ayendlali | engendlali | ingendlali |
| class 5 | liyendlala, lendlala | elendlalayo, elendlala | lendlala | alendlali | elingendlali | lingendlali |
| class 6 | ayendlala, endlala | endlalayo, endlala | endlala | awendlali | angendlali | engendlali |
| class 7 | siyendlala, sendlala | esendlalayo, esendlala | sendlala | asendlali | esingendlali | singendlali |
| class 8 | ziyendlala, zendlala | ezendlalayo, ezendlala | zendlala | azendlali | ezingendlali | zingendlali |
| class 9 | iyendlala, yendlala | eyendlalayo, eyendlala | yendlala | ayendlali | engendlali | ingendlali |
| class 10 | ziyendlala, zendlala | ezendlalayo, ezendlala | zendlala | azendlali | ezingendlali | zingendlali |
| class 11 | luyendlala, lwendlala | olwendlalayo, olwendlala | lwendlala | alwendlali | olungendlali | lungendlali |
| class 14 | buyendlala, bendlala | obendlalayo, obendlala | bendlala | abendlali | obungendlali | bungendlali |
| class 15 | kuyendlala, kwendlala | okwendlalayo, okwendlala | kwendlala | akwendlali | okungendlali | kungendlali |
| class 17 | kuyendlala, kwendlala | okwendlalayo, okwendlala | kwendlala | akwendlali | okungendlali | kungendlali |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngendlalile, ngendlalē | engendlalile, engendlalē | ngendlalile, ngendlalē | angendlalanga | engingendlalanga | ngingendlalanga |
| 2nd singular | wendlalile, wendlalē | owendlalile, owendlalē | wendlalile, wendlalē | awendlalanga | ongendlalanga | ungendlalanga |
| 1st plural | sendlalile, sendlalē | esendlalile, esendlalē | sendlalile, sendlalē | asendlalanga | esingendlalanga | singendlalanga |
| 2nd plural | nendlalile, nendlalē | enendlalile, enendlalē | nendlalile, nendlalē | anendlalanga | eningendlalanga | ningendlalanga |
| class 1 | wendlalile, wendlalē | owendlalile, owendlalē | endlalile, endlalē | akendlalanga | ongendlalanga | engendlalanga |
| class 2 | bendlalile, bendlalē | abendlalile, abendlalē | bendlalile, bendlalē | abendlalanga | abangendlalanga | bengendlalanga |
| class 3 | wendlalile, wendlalē | owendlalile, owendlalē | wendlalile, wendlalē | awendlalanga | ongendlalanga | ungendlalanga |
| class 4 | yendlalile, yendlalē | eyendlalile, eyendlalē | yendlalile, yendlalē | ayendlalanga | engendlalanga | ingendlalanga |
| class 5 | lendlalile, lendlalē | elendlalile, elendlalē | lendlalile, lendlalē | alendlalanga | elingendlalanga | lingendlalanga |
| class 6 | endlalile, endlalē | endlalile, endlalē | endlalile, endlalē | awendlalanga | angendlalanga | engendlalanga |
| class 7 | sendlalile, sendlalē | esendlalile, esendlalē | sendlalile, sendlalē | asendlalanga | esingendlalanga | singendlalanga |
| class 8 | zendlalile, zendlalē | ezendlalile, ezendlalē | zendlalile, zendlalē | azendlalanga | ezingendlalanga | zingendlalanga |
| class 9 | yendlalile, yendlalē | eyendlalile, eyendlalē | yendlalile, yendlalē | ayendlalanga | engendlalanga | ingendlalanga |
| class 10 | zendlalile, zendlalē | ezendlalile, ezendlalē | zendlalile, zendlalē | azendlalanga | ezingendlalanga | zingendlalanga |
| class 11 | lwendlalile, lwendlalē | olwendlalile, olwendlalē | lwendlalile, lwendlalē | alwendlalanga | olungendlalanga | lungendlalanga |
| class 14 | bendlalile, bendlalē | obendlalile, obendlalē | bendlalile, bendlalē | abendlalanga | obungendlalanga | bungendlalanga |
| class 15 | kwendlalile, kwendlalē | okwendlalile, okwendlalē | kwendlalile, kwendlalē | akwendlalanga | okungendlalanga | kungendlalanga |
| class 17 | kwendlalile, kwendlalē | okwendlalile, okwendlalē | kwendlalile, kwendlalē | akwendlalanga | okungendlalanga | kungendlalanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngēndlala | engēndlala | ngēndlala | angendlalanga | engingendlalanga | ngingendlalanga |
| 2nd singular | wēndlala | owēndlala | wēndlala | awendlalanga | ongendlalanga | ungendlalanga |
| 1st plural | sēndlala | esēndlala | sēndlala | asendlalanga | esingendlalanga | singendlalanga |
| 2nd plural | nēndlala | enēndlala | nēndlala | anendlalanga | eningendlalanga | ningendlalanga |
| class 1 | wēndlala | owēndlala | ēndlala | akendlalanga | ongendlalanga | engendlalanga |
| class 2 | bēndlala | abēndlala | bēndlala | abendlalanga | abangendlalanga | bengendlalanga |
| class 3 | wēndlala | owēndlala | wēndlala | awendlalanga | ongendlalanga | ungendlalanga |
| class 4 | yēndlala | eyēndlala | yēndlala | ayendlalanga | engendlalanga | ingendlalanga |
| class 5 | lēndlala | elēndlala | lēndlala | alendlalanga | elingendlalanga | lingendlalanga |
| class 6 | ēndlala | ēndlala | ēndlala | awendlalanga | angendlalanga | engendlalanga |
| class 7 | sēndlala | esēndlala | sēndlala | asendlalanga | esingendlalanga | singendlalanga |
| class 8 | zēndlala | ezēndlala | zēndlala | azendlalanga | ezingendlalanga | zingendlalanga |
| class 9 | yēndlala | eyēndlala | yēndlala | ayendlalanga | engendlalanga | ingendlalanga |
| class 10 | zēndlala | ezēndlala | zēndlala | azendlalanga | ezingendlalanga | zingendlalanga |
| class 11 | lwēndlala | olwēndlala | lwēndlala | alwendlalanga | olungendlalanga | lungendlalanga |
| class 14 | bēndlala | obēndlala | bēndlala | abendlalanga | obungendlalanga | bungendlalanga |
| class 15 | kwēndlala | okwēndlala | kwēndlala | akwendlalanga | okungendlalanga | kungendlalanga |
| class 17 | kwēndlala | okwēndlala | kwēndlala | akwendlalanga | okungendlalanga | kungendlalanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingendlala | — | ngingendlala | ngingendlale | — | ngingendlale |
| 2nd singular | ungendlala | — | ungendlala | ungendlale | — | ungendlale |
| 1st plural | singendlala | — | singendlala | singendlale | — | singendlale |
| 2nd plural | ningendlala | — | ningendlala | ningendlale | — | ningendlale |
| class 1 | angendlala | — | engendlala | angendlale | — | engendlale |
| class 2 | bangendlala | — | bengendlala | bangendlale | — | bengendlale |
| class 3 | ungendlala | — | ungendlala | ungendlale | — | ungendlale |
| class 4 | ingendlala | — | ingendlala | ingendlale | — | ingendlale |
| class 5 | lingendlala | — | lingendlala | lingendlale | — | lingendlale |
| class 6 | angendlala | — | engendlala | angendlale | — | engendlale |
| class 7 | singendlala | — | singendlala | singendlale | — | singendlale |
| class 8 | zingendlala | — | zingendlala | zingendlale | — | zingendlale |
| class 9 | ingendlala | — | ingendlala | ingendlale | — | ingendlale |
| class 10 | zingendlala | — | zingendlala | zingendlale | — | zingendlale |
| class 11 | lungendlala | — | lungendlala | lungendlale | — | lungendlale |
| class 14 | bungendlala | — | bungendlala | bungendlale | — | bungendlale |
| class 15 | kungendlala | — | kungendlala | kungendlale | — | kungendlale |
| class 17 | kungendlala | — | kungendlala | kungendlale | — | kungendlale |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizokwendlala | engizokwendlala | ngizokwendlala | angizukwendlala | engingezukwendlala | ngingezukwendlala |
| 2nd singular | uzokwendlala | ozokwendlala | uzokwendlala | awuzukwendlala | ongezukwendlala | ungezukwendlala |
| 1st plural | sizokwendlala | esizokwendlala | sizokwendlala | asizukwendlala | esingezukwendlala | singezukwendlala |
| 2nd plural | nizokwendlala | enizokwendlala | nizokwendlala | anizukwendlala | eningezukwendlala | ningezukwendlala |
| class 1 | uzokwendlala | ozokwendlala | ezokwendlala | akazukwendlala | ongezukwendlala | engezukwendlala |
| class 2 | bazokwendlala | abazokwendlala | bezokwendlala | abazukwendlala | abangezukwendlala | bengezukwendlala |
| class 3 | uzokwendlala | ozokwendlala | uzokwendlala | awuzukwendlala | ongezukwendlala | ungezukwendlala |
| class 4 | izokwendlala | ezokwendlala | izokwendlala | ayizukwendlala | engezukwendlala | ingezukwendlala |
| class 5 | lizokwendlala | elizokwendlala | lizokwendlala | alizukwendlala | elingezukwendlala | lingezukwendlala |
| class 6 | azokwendlala | azokwendlala | ezokwendlala | awazukwendlala | angezukwendlala | engezukwendlala |
| class 7 | sizokwendlala | esizokwendlala | sizokwendlala | asizukwendlala | esingezukwendlala | singezukwendlala |
| class 8 | zizokwendlala | ezizokwendlala | zizokwendlala | azizukwendlala | ezingezukwendlala | zingezukwendlala |
| class 9 | izokwendlala | ezokwendlala | izokwendlala | ayizukwendlala | engezukwendlala | ingezukwendlala |
| class 10 | zizokwendlala | ezizokwendlala | zizokwendlala | azizukwendlala | ezingezukwendlala | zingezukwendlala |
| class 11 | luzokwendlala | oluzokwendlala | luzokwendlala | aluzukwendlala | olungezukwendlala | lungezukwendlala |
| class 14 | buzokwendlala | obuzokwendlala | buzokwendlala | abuzukwendlala | obungezukwendlala | bungezukwendlala |
| class 15 | kuzokwendlala | okuzokwendlala | kuzokwendlala | akuzukwendlala | okungezukwendlala | kungezukwendlala |
| class 17 | kuzokwendlala | okuzokwendlala | kuzokwendlala | akuzukwendlala | okungezukwendlala | kungezukwendlala |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwendlala | engiyokwendlala | ngiyokwendlala | angiyukwendlala | engingeyukwendlala | ngingeyukwendlala |
| 2nd singular | uyokwendlala | oyokwendlala | uyokwendlala | awuyukwendlala | ongeyukwendlala | ungeyukwendlala |
| 1st plural | siyokwendlala | esiyokwendlala | siyokwendlala | asiyukwendlala | esingeyukwendlala | singeyukwendlala |
| 2nd plural | niyokwendlala | eniyokwendlala | niyokwendlala | aniyukwendlala | eningeyukwendlala | ningeyukwendlala |
| class 1 | uyokwendlala | oyokwendlala | eyokwendlala | akayukwendlala | ongeyukwendlala | engeyukwendlala |
| class 2 | bayokwendlala | abayokwendlala | beyokwendlala | abayukwendlala | abangeyukwendlala | bengeyukwendlala |
| class 3 | uyokwendlala | oyokwendlala | uyokwendlala | awuyukwendlala | ongeyukwendlala | ungeyukwendlala |
| class 4 | iyokwendlala | eyokwendlala | iyokwendlala | ayiyukwendlala | engeyukwendlala | ingeyukwendlala |
| class 5 | liyokwendlala | eliyokwendlala | liyokwendlala | aliyukwendlala | elingeyukwendlala | lingeyukwendlala |
| class 6 | ayokwendlala | ayokwendlala | eyokwendlala | awayukwendlala | angeyukwendlala | engeyukwendlala |
| class 7 | siyokwendlala | esiyokwendlala | siyokwendlala | asiyukwendlala | esingeyukwendlala | singeyukwendlala |
| class 8 | ziyokwendlala | eziyokwendlala | ziyokwendlala | aziyukwendlala | ezingeyukwendlala | zingeyukwendlala |
| class 9 | iyokwendlala | eyokwendlala | iyokwendlala | ayiyukwendlala | engeyukwendlala | ingeyukwendlala |
| class 10 | ziyokwendlala | eziyokwendlala | ziyokwendlala | aziyukwendlala | ezingeyukwendlala | zingeyukwendlala |
| class 11 | luyokwendlala | oluyokwendlala | luyokwendlala | aluyukwendlala | olungeyukwendlala | lungeyukwendlala |
| class 14 | buyokwendlala | obuyokwendlala | buyokwendlala | abuyukwendlala | obungeyukwendlala | bungeyukwendlala |
| class 15 | kuyokwendlala | okuyokwendlala | kuyokwendlala | akuyukwendlala | okungeyukwendlala | kungeyukwendlala |
| class 17 | kuyokwendlala | okuyokwendlala | kuyokwendlala | akuyukwendlala | okungeyukwendlala | kungeyukwendlala |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngendlale | ngingendlali | ||||
| 2nd singular | wendlale | ungendlali | ||||
| 1st plural | sendlale | singendlali | ||||
| 2nd plural | nendlale | ningendlali | ||||
| class 1 | endlale | angendlali | ||||
| class 2 | bendlale | bangendlali | ||||
| class 3 | wendlale | ungendlali | ||||
| class 4 | yendlale | ingendlali | ||||
| class 5 | lendlale | lingendlali | ||||
| class 6 | endlale | angendlali | ||||
| class 7 | sendlale | singendlali | ||||
| class 8 | zendlale | zingendlali | ||||
| class 9 | yendlale | ingendlali | ||||
| class 10 | zendlale | zingendlali | ||||
| class 11 | lwendlale | lungendlali | ||||
| class 14 | bendlale | bungendlali | ||||
| class 15 | kwendlale | kungendlali | ||||
| class 17 | kwendlale | kungendlali | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngendlala | ngangendlala, angendlala, angangendlala | ||||
| 2nd singular | wendlala | wangendlala, awendlala, awangendlala | ||||
| 1st plural | sendlala | sangendlala, asendlala, asangendlala | ||||
| 2nd plural | nendlala | nangendlala, anendlala, anangendlala | ||||
| class 1 | wendlala | wangendlala, akendlala, akangendlala | ||||
| class 2 | bendlala | bangendlala, abendlala, abangendlala | ||||
| class 3 | wendlala | wangendlala, awendlala, awangendlala | ||||
| class 4 | yendlala | yangendlala, ayendlala, ayangendlala | ||||
| class 5 | lendlala | langendlala, alendlala, alangendlala | ||||
| class 6 | endlala | angendlala, awendlala, awangendlala | ||||
| class 7 | sendlala | sangendlala, asendlala, asangendlala | ||||
| class 8 | zendlala | zangendlala, azendlala, azangendlala | ||||
| class 9 | yendlala | yangendlala, ayendlala, ayangendlala | ||||
| class 10 | zendlala | zangendlala, azendlala, azangendlala | ||||
| class 11 | lwendlala | lwangendlala, alwendlala, alwangendlala | ||||
| class 14 | bendlala | bangendlala, abendlala, abangendlala | ||||
| class 15 | kwendlala | kwangendlala, akwendlala, akwangendlala | ||||
| class 17 | kwendlala | kwangendlala, akwendlala, akwangendlala | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “endlala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “endlala (3.2.9)”