esternuer

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French esternuer, esternuder, from Latin sternuto, sternutare.

Verb

esternuer

  1. to sneeze

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of esternuer
infinitive simple esternuer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple esternuant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle esternué
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present esternue esternues esternue esternuons esternuez esternuent
imperfect esternuois, esternuoys esternuois, esternuoys esternuoit, esternuoyt esternuions, esternuyons esternuiez, esternuyez esternuoient, esternuoyent
past historic esternua esternuas esternua esternuasmes esternuastes esternuerent
future esternuerai, esternueray esternueras esternuera esternuerons esternuerez esternueront
conditional esternuerois, esternueroys esternuerois, esternueroys esternueroit, esternueroyt esternuerions, esternueryons esternueriez, esternueryez esternueroient, esternueroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present esternue esternues esternue esternuons esternuez esternuent
imperfect esternuasse esternuasses esternuast esternuassions esternuassiez esternuassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — esternue — esternuons esternuez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: éternuer
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