estimer

French

FWOTD – 11 September 2013

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Latin aestimōlbor.
    Old French estimer
    Middle French estimer
    French estimer

    Inherited from Middle French estimer, inherited from Old French estimer, learned borrowing from Latin aestimāre.

    Replaced inherited Old French esmer that had become homonymous with aimer.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɛs.ti.me/
    • Audio:(file)

    Verb

    estimer

    1. (transitive) to estimate, to calculate roughly
    2. (transitive) to esteem, to hold in high regard
    3. (transitive) to give some thought to, to consider
      (Can we add an example for this sense?)

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
    infinitive simple estimer
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle or gerund1 simple estimant
    /ɛs.ti.mɑ̃/
    compound ayant + past participle
    past participle estimé
    /ɛs.ti.me/
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present estime
    /ɛs.tim/2     		estimes
    /ɛs.tim/     		estime
    /ɛs.tim/     		estimons
    /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/     		estimez
    /ɛs.ti.me/     		estiment
    /ɛs.tim/
    imperfect estimais
    /ɛs.ti.mɛ/     		estimais
    /ɛs.ti.mɛ/     		estimait
    /ɛs.ti.mɛ/     		estimions
    /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/     		estimiez
    /ɛs.ti.mje/     		estimaient
    /ɛs.ti.mɛ/
    past historic3 estimai
    /ɛs.ti.me/     		estimas
    /ɛs.ti.ma/     		estima
    /ɛs.ti.ma/     		estimâmes
    /ɛs.ti.mam/     		estimâtes
    /ɛs.ti.mat/     		estimèrent
    /ɛs.ti.mɛʁ/
    future estimerai
    /ɛs.tim.ʁe/     		estimeras
    /ɛs.tim.ʁa/     		estimera
    /ɛs.tim.ʁa/     		estimerons
    /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/     		estimerez
    /ɛs.tim.ʁe/     		estimeront
    /ɛs.tim.ʁɔ̃/
    conditional estimerais
    /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/     		estimerais
    /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/     		estimerait
    /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/     		estimerions
    /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁjɔ̃/     		estimeriez
    /ɛs.ti.mə.ʁje/     		estimeraient
    /ɛs.tim.ʁɛ/
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior3 past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present estime
    /ɛs.tim/2     		estimes
    /ɛs.tim/     		estime
    /ɛs.tim/     		estimions
    /ɛs.ti.mjɔ̃/     		estimiez
    /ɛs.ti.mje/     		estiment
    /ɛs.tim/
    imperfect3 estimasse
    /ɛs.ti.mas/     		estimasses
    /ɛs.ti.mas/     		estimât
    /ɛs.ti.ma/     		estimassions
    /ɛs.ti.ma.sjɔ̃/     		estimassiez
    /ɛs.ti.ma.sje/     		estimassent
    /ɛs.ti.mas/
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect3 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — estime
    /ɛs.tim/     		— estimons
    /ɛs.ti.mɔ̃/     		estimez
    /ɛs.ti.me/     		—
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
    2 estimé when inverted.
    3 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
    past historic → present perfect
    past anterior → pluperfect
    imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
    pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

    (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

    Descendants

    • → Norwegian Bokmål: estimere

    Further reading

    Anagrams

    Middle French

    Etymology

      Etymology tree
      Latin aestimōlbor.
      Old French estimer
      Middle French estimer

      Inherited from Old French estimer, borrowed from Latin aestimō. Replaced inherited Old French esmer.

      Pronunciation

      Verb

      estimer

      1. to think; to consider; to have the opinion (that)
        (Can we add an example for this sense?)

      Conjugation

      • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
      Conjugation of estimer
      infinitive simple estimer
      compound avoir + past participle
      present participle1 or gerund2 simple estimant
      compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
      past participle estimé
      singular plural
      first second third first second third
      indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
      (simple
      tenses)             		present estime estimes estime estimons estimez estiment
      imperfect estimois, estimoys estimois, estimoys estimoit, estimoyt estimions, estimyons estimiez, estimyez estimoient, estimoyent
      past historic estima estimas estima estimasmes estimastes estimerent
      future estimerai, estimeray estimeras estimera estimerons estimerez estimeront
      conditional estimerois, estimeroys estimerois, estimeroys estimeroit, estimeroyt estimerions, estimeryons estimeriez, estimeryez estimeroient, estimeroyent
      (compound
      tenses)             		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
      past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
      future perfect future of avoir + past participle
      conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
      subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
      (simple
      tenses)             		present estime estimes estime estimons estimez estiment
      imperfect estimasse estimasses estimast estimassions estimassiez estimassent
      (compound
      tenses)             		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
      imperative – tu – nous vous –
      simple — estime — estimons estimez —
      compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
      1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
      2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

      Derived terms

      Descendants

      References

      Norwegian Bokmål

      Etymology

      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Pronunciation

      Verb

      estimer

      1. imperative of estimere
        (Can we add an example for this sense?)

      Old French

      Alternative forms

      Etymology

        Etymology tree
        Latin aestimōlbor.
        Old French estimer

        Learned borrowing from Latin aestimāre from the end of the 13th to the early 14th c.

        Pronunciation

        Verb

        estimer

        1. to think; to consider; to have the opinion (that)
          (Can we add an example for this sense?)

        Conjugation

        This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

            Conjugation of estimer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
        simple compound
        infinitive estimer avoir estimé
        gerund en estimant gerund of avoir + past participle
        present participle estimant
        past participle estimé
        person singular plural
        first second third first second third
        indicative jo tu il nos vos il
        simple
        tenses         		present estim estimes estime estimons estimez estiment
        imperfect estimoie, estimeie, estimoe, estimeve estimoies, estimeies, estimoes, estimeves estimoit, estimeit, estimot, estimeve estimiiens, estimiens estimiiez, estimiez estimoient, estimeient, estimoent, estimevent
        preterite estimai estimas estima estimames estimastes estimerent
        future estimerai estimeras estimera estimerons estimeroiz, estimereiz, estimerez estimeront
        conditional estimeroie, estimereie estimeroies, estimereies estimeroit, estimereit estimeriiens, estimeriens estimeriiez, estimeriez estimeroient, estimereient
        compound
        tenses         		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
        pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
        past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
        future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
        conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
        subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
        simple
        tenses         		present estim estins estint estimons estimez estiment
        imperfect estimasse estimasses estimast estimissons, estimissiens estimissoiz, estimissez, estimissiez estimassent
        compound
        tenses         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
        pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
        imperative – tu – nos vos –
        — estime — estimons estimez —

        Descendants

        Further reading

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