estoner

Old French

Alternative forms

  • estuner, estouner

Etymology

Based on Latin ex- (“out”) + tono (“I thunder”).

Verb

estoner

  1. to stun, daze

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of estoner (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive estoner avoir estoné
gerund en estonant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle estonant
past participle estoné
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present eston estones estone estonons estonez estonent
imperfect estonoie, estoneie, estonoe, estoneve estonoies, estoneies, estonoes, estoneves estonoit, estoneit, estonot, estoneve estoniiens, estoniens estoniiez, estoniez estonoient, estoneient, estonoent, estonevent
preterite estonai estonas estona estonames estonastes estonerent
future estonerai estoneras estonera estonerons estoneroiz, estonereiz, estonerez estoneront
conditional estoneroie, estonereie estoneroies, estonereies estoneroit, estonereit estoneriiens, estoneriens estoneriiez, estoneriez estoneroient, estonereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present eston estons estont estonons estonez estonent
imperfect estonasse estonasses estonast estonissons, estonissiens estonissoiz, estonissez, estonissiez estonassent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— estone — estonons estonez —

Descendants

  • Bourbonnais: etouna
  • Middle French: estonner, étonner
  • Norman: êtonner (Jersiais)
  • Picard: ètonneu (Athois)
  • Walloon: èstèner (Liégeois)
  • → Middle English: stonen, stone, stoynyn (possibly mediated by the past participle estoné)
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