ferler
French
Etymology
Related to Old French ferlier, perhaps from Latin ferula, whence férule (“fennel”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Alternative hypotheses implied by “perhaps” are missing; explanation of sense development is missing.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fɛʁ.le/
Audio: (file)
Verb
ferler
Conjugation
Conjugation of ferler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | ferler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | ferlant /fɛʁ.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ferlé /fɛʁ.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ferle /fɛʁl/ |
ferles /fɛʁl/ |
ferle /fɛʁl/ |
ferlons /fɛʁ.lɔ̃/ |
ferlez /fɛʁ.le/ |
ferlent /fɛʁl/ |
| imperfect | ferlais /fɛʁ.lɛ/ |
ferlais /fɛʁ.lɛ/ |
ferlait /fɛʁ.lɛ/ |
ferlions /fɛʁ.ljɔ̃/ |
ferliez /fɛʁ.lje/ |
ferlaient /fɛʁ.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ferlai /fɛʁ.le/ |
ferlas /fɛʁ.la/ |
ferla /fɛʁ.la/ |
ferlâmes /fɛʁ.lam/ |
ferlâtes /fɛʁ.lat/ |
ferlèrent /fɛʁ.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | ferlerai /fɛʁ.lə.ʁe/ |
ferleras /fɛʁ.lə.ʁa/ |
ferlera /fɛʁ.lə.ʁa/ |
ferlerons /fɛʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/ |
ferlerez /fɛʁ.lə.ʁe/ |
ferleront /fɛʁ.lə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ferlerais /fɛʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ |
ferlerais /fɛʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ |
ferlerait /fɛʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ |
ferlerions /fɛʁ.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
ferleriez /fɛʁ.lə.ʁje/ |
ferleraient /fɛʁ.lə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | ferle /fɛʁl/ |
ferles /fɛʁl/ |
ferle /fɛʁl/ |
ferlions /fɛʁ.ljɔ̃/ |
ferliez /fɛʁ.lje/ |
ferlent /fɛʁl/ |
| imperfect2 | ferlasse /fɛʁ.las/ |
ferlasses /fɛʁ.las/ |
ferlât /fɛʁ.la/ |
ferlassions /fɛʁ.la.sjɔ̃/ |
ferlassiez /fɛʁ.la.sje/ |
ferlassent /fɛʁ.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | ferle /fɛʁl/ |
— | ferlons /fɛʁ.lɔ̃/ |
ferlez /fɛʁ.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- déferler
- referler
Related terms
- férule
- ferlet
Further reading
- “ferler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.