Egyptian
Pronunciation
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive, of people) to defecate
- (intransitive, of people) to urinate
- Synonym: wzš
c. 1550 BCE,
Ebers Papyrus line 12.16 (Eb 37):
- z ntj nj fgn.n.f
- a man who can’t urinate
Inflection
Conjugation of fgn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: fgn, geminated stem: fgnn
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
fgn
|
fgnw, fgn
|
fgnt
|
fgn
|
fgn
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
fgn
|
ḥr fgn
|
m fgn
|
r fgn
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
fgn.n
|
consecutive
|
fgn.jn
|
| terminative
|
fgnt
|
| perfective3
|
fgn
|
obligative1
|
fgn.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
fgn
|
| prospective3
|
fgn
|
potentialis1
|
fgn.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
fgn
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
fgn.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
fgn
|
fgn
|
fgn, fgnw5, fgny5
|
| imperfective
|
fgn, fgny, fgnw5
|
fgn, fgnj6, fgny6
|
fgn, fgnw5
|
| prospective
|
fgn, fgntj7
|
fgntj4, fgnt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of fgn
|
|
|
|
| fgꜣ
|
fgn
|
fg
|
|
|
in the sense ‘to urinate’
|
in the sense ‘to urinate’
|
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 580.6–580.7
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 99
- van der Molen, Rami (2000) A Hieroglyphic Dictionary of Egyptian Coffin Texts, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 147
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 242.