fnḏ

See also: fnD

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *funVg-, according to Orel and Stolbova’s very tentative reconstruction.^[1] If so, perhaps cognate with Lowland East Cushitic *fung- (“nose”), whence Oromo fuññaan. Also compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴳⵏⴼⵓⵔ (agnfur, “muzzle, snout”).

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /fɛnɛd͡ʒ/
- Conventional anglicization: fenedj

Noun

m

Inflection

Declension of *fnḏ* (masculine)
singular	fnḏ
dual	fnḏwj
plural	fnḏw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of fnḏ

fnḏ

fnd

Derived terms

jwn n fnḏ
fnḏj (“Thoth (on account of his long beak)”)
fnḏ nb (“everyone”)

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to be angry (+ r: at)

Inflection

Conjugation of fnḏ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: fnḏ, geminated stem: fnḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
fnḏ	fnḏw, fnḏ	fnḏt	fnḏ	fnḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
fnḏ	ḥr fnḏ	m fnḏ	r fnḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	fnḏ.n	consecutive	fnḏ.jn
terminative	fnḏt	consecutive	fnḏ.jn
perfective³	fnḏ	obligative¹	fnḏ.ḫr
imperfective	fnḏ	obligative¹	fnḏ.ḫr
prospective³	fnḏ	potentialis¹	fnḏ.kꜣ
subjunctive	fnḏ	potentialis¹	fnḏ.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	fnḏ.n	—	—
perfective	fnḏ	fnḏ	fnḏ, fnḏw⁵, fnḏy⁵
imperfective	fnḏ, fnḏy, fnḏw⁵	fnḏ, fnḏj⁶, fnḏy⁶	fnḏ, fnḏw⁵
prospective	fnḏ, fnḏtj⁷	fnḏtj⁴, fnḏt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of fnḏ

fnd

References

Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

^ Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*funVg-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 832, page 188

[1] Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*funVg-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, § 832, page 188

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