fonkelen
Dutch
Alternative forms
- vonkelen (now less common)
Etymology
Later 18th century, equivalent to vonken (“to spark”) + -elen (iterative suffix). A singularly attested Middle Dutch voncklen (15th c.) seems to have had no continuation. The comparatively late Dutch attestations (some of which in German-influenced texts) make a calque of German funkeln likely. The f- may also be due to the same reason, although this is not certain as the v-form is the older one in Dutch.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfɔŋkələ(n)/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɔŋkələn
Verb
fonkelen
Conjugation
| Conjugation of fonkelen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | fonkelen | |||
| past singular | fonkelde | |||
| past participle | gefonkeld | |||
| infinitive | fonkelen | |||
| gerund | fonkelen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | fonkel | fonkelde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | fonkelt, fonkel2 | fonkelde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | fonkelt | fonkelde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | fonkelt | fonkelde | ||
| 3rd person singular | fonkelt | fonkelde | ||
| plural | fonkelen | fonkelden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | fonkele | fonkelde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | fonkelen | fonkelden | ||
| imperative sing. | fonkel | |||
| imperative plur.1 | fonkelt | |||
| participles | fonkelend | gefonkeld | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Related terms
Luxembourgish
Verb
fonkelen (third-person singular present fonkelt, past participle gefonkelt, auxiliary verb hunn)
- to sparkle