fortá

See also: forta

Old Irish

Etymology

From for- (“over-”) +‎ ·tá (“to exist”). Cognate with Welsh gorfod (“to have to, to be compelled to do”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɸorˈtaː]

Verb

for·tá

to remain, be left over
Synonym: ar·tá
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23^d17
  .i. for·mbed a ainm ind fir-so ł is a macc dia æs cenibed á ainm-som bes foir.
  i.e. that the name of this man should survive, or it is his son after him, although it might not be his name which he has.
- c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 57, pages 115-179:
  Ni haurcul laisim dano cid ar·faomtar ní o lex-áos & a tabirt detsiu iarum do bochtaib neich for·bé lortid do muindtir de, fo bith in maith leisim bess, ni tabrait ní de dena bochtaib.
  For him, there is no prohibition against something being accepted from idle folk, given that afterwards you sg give to the poor anything that is left of it when your sg own monks are satisfied, because if it is in the hands of the idle, they give none of it to the poor.
to be upon
there follows, furthermore
to be superior over

Inflection

Like at·tá (“to be, exist”), this verb distinguishes between habitual and non-habitual conjugations in the present tense.

Complex, class A III present, a future, e subjunctive
		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	singular	plural
present indicative	deut.			for·tá; for·bí
present indicative	prot.

imperfect indicative	deut.
imperfect indicative	prot.

preterite	deut.
preterite	prot.

perfect	deut.
perfect	prot.

future	deut.
future	prot.

conditional	deut.			for·biad
conditional	prot.

present subjunctive	deut.			for·bé; for·raib (ro-form)
present subjunctive	prot.			·fuirb

past subjunctive	deut.			for·mbed
past subjunctive	prot.

imperative

verbal noun
past participle
verbal of necessity

Mutation

Mutation of *for·tá*
radical	lenition	nasalization
for·tá	for·thá	for·tá pronounced with /d-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “for-tá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorfod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies