fruma

fruma

1. romanization of 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰

• IPA^(key): /ˈfrʏːma/

  Rhymes: -ʏːma

fruma f (genitive singular frumu, nominative plural frumur)

1. (biology) a cell

From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.

• IPA^(key): /ˈfru.mɑ/

fruma m (nominative plural fruman)

1. beginning, origin
   • Beowulf

     wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)

     This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)

   • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology

     On þone eahteðan ġeohheldæg bið þǣs mōnðes fruma þe mon nemneð Ianuarius, þæt is on ūre ġeþēode sē æftera geola.

     On the eight day of Christmas is the beginning of the month known as January, which in our language is After-Yule.

2. prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:cempa

   • Beowulf

     wine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte

     friend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time

     Ðá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc

     Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants

3. originator, inventor, creator

Weak:

• Middle English: frume, frome

• froma

From Proto-Germanic *frumô.

fruma f

1. benefit

• Middle High German: vrome, vrume
  • German: Fromme
  • ⇒ Middle High German: vrume (“firm, upright”, adjective)
    • German: fromm
    • Yiddish: פֿרום (frum)
      • → English: frum, frummer