garbh

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish garb,[1] from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

Pronunciation

Adjective

garbh (genitive singular masculine gairbh, genitive singular feminine gairbhe, plural garbha, comparative gairbhe)

  1. rough, harsh
  2. rugged, coarse, crude
  3. unpolished
  4. approximate

Declension

Declension of garbh
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative garbh gharbh garbha;
gharbha2
vocative ghairbh garbha
genitive gairbhe garbha garbh
dative garbh;
gharbh1 		gharbh;
ghairbh (archaic) 		garbha;
gharbha2
Comparative níos gairbhe
Superlative is gairbhe

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

  • adhgharbh (“very rough”, adjective)
  • gairbhe f (“roughness, coarseness”)
  • garbh-bhéal m (“coarse mouth”)
  • garbhadas m (“roughness, coarseness”)
  • garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”, verb)
  • garbhán m (“coarse substance”)
  • garbhánach m (“coarse-grained person”)
  • garbhanálú m (“rough breathing”)
  • garbhánta (“coarse-grained”, adjective)
  • garbhántacht f (“coarseness (of grain, fibre)”)
  • garbhchiumhaiseach (“rough-edged”, adjective)
  • garbhchloch f (“rough, uncut, stone”)
  • garbhchríoch f (“rough boundary”)
  • garbhchumtha (“rough-shaped”, adjective)
  • garbhdhéanta (“rough-made, coarse”, adjective)
  • garbhghlórach (“rough-spoken, raucous”, adjective)
  • garbhghnúiseach (“rough-visaged”, adjective)
  • garbhiarann m (“pig-iron”)
  • garbhiasc m (“large sea-fish”)
  • garbhlabhartha (“rough-spoken”, adjective)
  • garbhlach m (“rough ground”)
  • garbhlus m (“goose grass; catchweed”)
  • garbhóg f (“coarse object or person”)
  • garbhógach f (“club moss”)
  • garbhphlána m (“jack-plane”)
  • garbhshíon f (“rough weather”)
  • garbhshnoigh (“rough-hew”, transitive verb)
  • garbhtheilg (“rough-cast”, transitive verb)
  • garbhtheilgean m (“rough-cast”)
  • garbhuille m (“approach shot”)
  • píobán garbh m (“windpipe, trachea”)

Verb

garbh (present analytic garbhann, future analytic garbhfaidh, verbal noun garbhadh, past participle garfa)

  1. (ambitransitive) alternative form of garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”)

Conjugation

conjugation of garbh (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun garbhadh
past participle garfa
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present garbhaim garbhann tú;
garbhair† 		garbhann sé, sí garbhaimid garbhann sibh garbhann siad;
garbhaid† 		a gharbhann; a gharbhas /
a ngarbhann* 		garbhtar
past gharbh mé; gharbhas gharbh tú; gharbhais gharbh sé, sí gharbhamar; gharbh muid gharbh sibh; gharbhabhair gharbh siad; gharbhadar a gharbh /
ar gharbh* 		garbhadh
past habitual gharbhainn / ngarbhainn‡‡ gharbhtá / ngarbhtᇇ gharbhadh sé, sí / ngarbhadh sé, s퇇 gharbhaimis; gharbhadh muid / ngarbhaimis‡‡; ngarbhadh muid‡‡ gharbhadh sibh / ngarbhadh sibh‡‡ gharbhaidís; gharbhadh siad / ngarbhaidís‡‡; ngarbhadh siad‡‡ a gharbhadh /
a ngarbhadh* 		gharbhtaí / ngarbhta퇇
future garbhfaidh mé;
garbhfad 		garbhfaidh tú;
garbhfair† 		garbhfaidh sé, sí garbhfaimid;
garbhfaidh muid 		garbhfaidh sibh garbhfaidh siad;
garbhfaid† 		a gharbhfaidh; a gharbhfas /
a ngarbhfaidh* 		garbhfar
conditional gharbhfainn / ngarbhfainn‡‡ gharbhfá / ngarbhfᇇ gharbhfadh sé, sí / ngarbhfadh sé, s퇇 gharbhfaimis; gharbhfadh muid / ngarbhfaimis‡‡; ngarbhfadh muid‡‡ gharbhfadh sibh / ngarbhfadh sibh‡‡ gharbhfaidís; gharbhfadh siad / ngarbhfaidís‡‡; ngarbhfadh siad‡‡ a gharbhfadh /
a ngarbhfadh* 		gharbhfaí / ngarbhfa퇇
subjunctive
present go ngarbha mé;
go ngarbhad† 		go ngarbha tú;
go ngarbhair† 		go ngarbha sé, sí go ngarbhaimid;
go ngarbha muid 		go ngarbha sibh go ngarbha siad;
go ngarbhaid† 		— go ngarbhtar
past dá ngarbhainn dá ngarbhtá dá ngarbhadh sé, sí dá ngarbhaimis;
dá ngarbhadh muid 		dá ngarbhadh sibh dá ngarbhaidís;
dá ngarbhadh siad 		— dá ngarbhtaí
imperative
– garbhaim garbh garbhadh sé, sí garbhaimis garbhaigí;
garbhaidh† 		garbhaidís — garbhtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of garbh
radical lenition eclipsis
garbh gharbh ngarbh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 garb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 65, page 34
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 121
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 43

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkaɾav/

Adjective

garbh (comparative gairbhe)

  1. rough (as in a rough surface)
  2. wild (about the weather)
  3. hoarse
  4. gross

Mutation

Mutation of garbh
radical lenition
garbh gharbh

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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