gorchymyn

Welsh

Alternative forms

  • gorchmynnu

Etymology

From Middle Welsh gorchymyn, from Proto-Brythonic *gworxumɨnn (compare Old Cornish gurhemin, Middle Breton gourchemenn), from *gwor- (over) + *kumɨnn (from Latin commendō (commend; recommend). By surface analysis, gor- +‎ cymyn (testament; bequest).

Pronunciation

Verb

gorchymyn (first-person singular present gorchmynnaf)

  1. (transitive) to command, to order

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gorchmynnaf gorchmynni gorchmynna gorchmynnwn gorchmynnwch gorchmynnant gorchmynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
gorchmynnwn gorchmynnit gorchmynnai gorchmynnem gorchmynnech gorchmynnent gorchmynnid
preterite gorchmynnais gorchmynnaist gorchmynnodd gorchmynasom gorchmynasoch gorchmynasant gorchmynnwyd
pluperfect gorchmynaswn gorchmynasit gorchmynasai gorchmynasem gorchmynasech gorchmynasent gorchmynasid, gorchmynesid
present subjunctive gorchmynnwyf gorchmynnych gorchmynno gorchmynnom gorchmynnoch gorchmynnont gorchmynner
imperative gorchmynna gorchmynned gorchmynnwn gorchmynnwch gorchmynnent gorchmynner
verbal noun gorchymyn
verbal adjectives gorchmynedig
gorchmynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future gorchmynna i,
gorchmynnaf i
gorchmynni di gorchmynnith o/e/hi,
gorchmynniff e/hi
gorchmynnwn ni gorchmynnwch chi gorchmynnan nhw
conditional gorchmynnwn i,
gorchmynnswn i
gorchmynnet ti,
gorchmynnset ti
gorchmynnai fo/fe/hi,
gorchmynnsai fo/fe/hi
gorchmynnen ni,
gorchmynnsen ni
gorchmynnech chi,
gorchmynnsech chi
gorchmynnen nhw,
gorchmynnsen nhw
preterite gorchmynnais i,
gorchmynnes i
gorchmynnaist ti,
gorchmynnest ti
gorchmynnodd o/e/hi gorchmynnon ni gorchmynnoch chi gorchmynnon nhw
imperative gorchmynna gorchmynnwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • gorchmyniad (commandment, commanding)
  • gorchmynnol (imperative)

Noun

gorchymyn m (plural gorchmynion)

  1. command, commandment, order

Mutation

Mutated forms of gorchymyn
radical soft nasal aspirate
gorchymyn orchymyn ngorchymyn unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorchymyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies