gqwala

Zulu

FWOTD – 1 September 2019

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ᶢǃʱwaːla/

Verb

-gqwala

  1. (intransitive) to rust, to corrode
  2. (intransitive) to bleach, to fade, to lose colour

Inflection

tone L (infinitive ukugqwala)
positive negative
infinitive ukugqwala ukungagqwali
imperative
simple + object concord
singular gqwala -gqwale
plural gqwalani -gqwaleni
present
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyagqwala, ngigqwala engigqwalayo, engigqwala ngigqwala angigqwali engingagqwali ngingagqwali
2nd singular uyagqwala, ugqwala ogqwalayo, ogqwala ugqwala awugqwali ongagqwali ungagqwali
1st plural siyagqwala, sigqwala esigqwalayo, esigqwala sigqwala asigqwali esingagqwali singagqwali
2nd plural niyagqwala, nigqwala enigqwalayo, enigqwala nigqwala anigqwali eningagqwali ningagqwali
class 1 uyagqwala, ugqwala ogqwalayo, ogqwala egqwala akagqwali ongagqwali engagqwali
class 2 bayagqwala, bagqwala abagqwalayo, abagqwala begqwala abagqwali abangagqwali bengagqwali
class 3 uyagqwala, ugqwala ogqwalayo, ogqwala ugqwala awugqwali ongagqwali ungagqwali
class 4 iyagqwala, igqwala egqwalayo, egqwala igqwala ayigqwali engagqwali ingagqwali
class 5 liyagqwala, ligqwala eligqwalayo, eligqwala ligqwala aligqwali elingagqwali lingagqwali
class 6 ayagqwala, agqwala agqwalayo, agqwala egqwala awagqwali angagqwali engagqwali
class 7 siyagqwala, sigqwala esigqwalayo, esigqwala sigqwala asigqwali esingagqwali singagqwali
class 8 ziyagqwala, zigqwala ezigqwalayo, ezigqwala zigqwala azigqwali ezingagqwali zingagqwali
class 9 iyagqwala, igqwala egqwalayo, egqwala igqwala ayigqwali engagqwali ingagqwali
class 10 ziyagqwala, zigqwala ezigqwalayo, ezigqwala zigqwala azigqwali ezingagqwali zingagqwali
class 11 luyagqwala, lugqwala olugqwalayo, olugqwala lugqwala alugqwali olungagqwali lungagqwali
class 14 buyagqwala, bugqwala obugqwalayo, obugqwala bugqwala abugqwali obungagqwali bungagqwali
class 15 kuyagqwala, kugqwala okugqwalayo, okugqwala kugqwala akugqwali okungagqwali kungagqwali
class 17 kuyagqwala, kugqwala okugqwalayo, okugqwala kugqwala akugqwali okungagqwali kungagqwali
recent past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngigqwalile, ngigqwalē engigqwalile, engigqwalē ngigqwalile, ngigqwalē angigqwalanga engingagqwalanga ngingagqwalanga
2nd singular ugqwalile, ugqwalē ogqwalile, ogqwalē ugqwalile, ugqwalē awugqwalanga ongagqwalanga ungagqwalanga
1st plural sigqwalile, sigqwalē esigqwalile, esigqwalē sigqwalile, sigqwalē asigqwalanga esingagqwalanga singagqwalanga
2nd plural nigqwalile, nigqwalē enigqwalile, enigqwalē nigqwalile, nigqwalē anigqwalanga eningagqwalanga ningagqwalanga
class 1 ugqwalile, ugqwalē ogqwalile, ogqwalē egqwalile, egqwalē akagqwalanga ongagqwalanga engagqwalanga
class 2 bagqwalile, bagqwalē abagqwalile, abagqwalē begqwalile, begqwalē abagqwalanga abangagqwalanga bengagqwalanga
class 3 ugqwalile, ugqwalē ogqwalile, ogqwalē ugqwalile, ugqwalē awugqwalanga ongagqwalanga ungagqwalanga
class 4 igqwalile, igqwalē egqwalile, egqwalē igqwalile, igqwalē ayigqwalanga engagqwalanga ingagqwalanga
class 5 ligqwalile, ligqwalē eligqwalile, eligqwalē ligqwalile, ligqwalē aligqwalanga elingagqwalanga lingagqwalanga
class 6 agqwalile, agqwalē agqwalile, agqwalē egqwalile, egqwalē awagqwalanga angagqwalanga engagqwalanga
class 7 sigqwalile, sigqwalē esigqwalile, esigqwalē sigqwalile, sigqwalē asigqwalanga esingagqwalanga singagqwalanga
class 8 zigqwalile, zigqwalē ezigqwalile, ezigqwalē zigqwalile, zigqwalē azigqwalanga ezingagqwalanga zingagqwalanga
class 9 igqwalile, igqwalē egqwalile, egqwalē igqwalile, igqwalē ayigqwalanga engagqwalanga ingagqwalanga
class 10 zigqwalile, zigqwalē ezigqwalile, ezigqwalē zigqwalile, zigqwalē azigqwalanga ezingagqwalanga zingagqwalanga
class 11 lugqwalile, lugqwalē olugqwalile, olugqwalē lugqwalile, lugqwalē alugqwalanga olungagqwalanga lungagqwalanga
class 14 bugqwalile, bugqwalē obugqwalile, obugqwalē bugqwalile, bugqwalē abugqwalanga obungagqwalanga bungagqwalanga
class 15 kugqwalile, kugqwalē okugqwalile, okugqwalē kugqwalile, kugqwalē akugqwalanga okungagqwalanga kungagqwalanga
class 17 kugqwalile, kugqwalē okugqwalile, okugqwalē kugqwalile, kugqwalē akugqwalanga okungagqwalanga kungagqwalanga
remote past
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngāgqwala engāgqwala ngāgqwala angigqwalanga engingagqwalanga ngingagqwalanga
2nd singular wāgqwala owāgqwala wāgqwala awugqwalanga ongagqwalanga ungagqwalanga
1st plural sāgqwala esāgqwala sāgqwala asigqwalanga esingagqwalanga singagqwalanga
2nd plural nāgqwala enāgqwala nāgqwala anigqwalanga eningagqwalanga ningagqwalanga
class 1 wāgqwala owāgqwala āgqwala akagqwalanga ongagqwalanga engagqwalanga
class 2 bāgqwala abāgqwala bāgqwala abagqwalanga abangagqwalanga bengagqwalanga
class 3 wāgqwala owāgqwala wāgqwala awugqwalanga ongagqwalanga ungagqwalanga
class 4 yāgqwala eyāgqwala yāgqwala ayigqwalanga engagqwalanga ingagqwalanga
class 5 lāgqwala elāgqwala lāgqwala aligqwalanga elingagqwalanga lingagqwalanga
class 6 āgqwala āgqwala āgqwala awagqwalanga angagqwalanga engagqwalanga
class 7 sāgqwala esāgqwala sāgqwala asigqwalanga esingagqwalanga singagqwalanga
class 8 zāgqwala ezāgqwala zāgqwala azigqwalanga ezingagqwalanga zingagqwalanga
class 9 yāgqwala eyāgqwala yāgqwala ayigqwalanga engagqwalanga ingagqwalanga
class 10 zāgqwala ezāgqwala zāgqwala azigqwalanga ezingagqwalanga zingagqwalanga
class 11 lwāgqwala olwāgqwala lwāgqwala alugqwalanga olungagqwalanga lungagqwalanga
class 14 bāgqwala obāgqwala bāgqwala abugqwalanga obungagqwalanga bungagqwalanga
class 15 kwāgqwala okwāgqwala kwāgqwala akugqwalanga okungagqwalanga kungagqwalanga
class 17 kwāgqwala okwāgqwala kwāgqwala akugqwalanga okungagqwalanga kungagqwalanga
potential
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngingagqwala — ngingagqwala ngingegqwale — ngingegqwale
2nd singular ungagqwala — ungagqwala ungegqwale — ungegqwale
1st plural singagqwala — singagqwala singegqwale — singegqwale
2nd plural ningagqwala — ningagqwala ningegqwale — ningegqwale
class 1 angagqwala — engagqwala angegqwale — engegqwale
class 2 bangagqwala — bengagqwala bangegqwale — bengegqwale
class 3 ungagqwala — ungagqwala ungegqwale — ungegqwale
class 4 ingagqwala — ingagqwala ingegqwale — ingegqwale
class 5 lingagqwala — lingagqwala lingegqwale — lingegqwale
class 6 angagqwala — engagqwala angegqwale — engegqwale
class 7 singagqwala — singagqwala singegqwale — singegqwale
class 8 zingagqwala — zingagqwala zingegqwale — zingegqwale
class 9 ingagqwala — ingagqwala ingegqwale — ingegqwale
class 10 zingagqwala — zingagqwala zingegqwale — zingegqwale
class 11 lungagqwala — lungagqwala lungegqwale — lungegqwale
class 14 bungagqwala — bungagqwala bungegqwale — bungegqwale
class 15 kungagqwala — kungagqwala kungegqwale — kungegqwale
class 17 kungagqwala — kungagqwala kungegqwale — kungegqwale
immediate future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngizogqwala engizogqwala ngizogqwala angizugqwala engingezugqwala ngingezugqwala
2nd singular uzogqwala ozogqwala uzogqwala awuzugqwala ongezugqwala ungezugqwala
1st plural sizogqwala esizogqwala sizogqwala asizugqwala esingezugqwala singezugqwala
2nd plural nizogqwala enizogqwala nizogqwala anizugqwala eningezugqwala ningezugqwala
class 1 uzogqwala ozogqwala ezogqwala akazugqwala ongezugqwala engezugqwala
class 2 bazogqwala abazogqwala bezogqwala abazugqwala abangezugqwala bengezugqwala
class 3 uzogqwala ozogqwala uzogqwala awuzugqwala ongezugqwala ungezugqwala
class 4 izogqwala ezogqwala izogqwala ayizugqwala engezugqwala ingezugqwala
class 5 lizogqwala elizogqwala lizogqwala alizugqwala elingezugqwala lingezugqwala
class 6 azogqwala azogqwala ezogqwala awazugqwala angezugqwala engezugqwala
class 7 sizogqwala esizogqwala sizogqwala asizugqwala esingezugqwala singezugqwala
class 8 zizogqwala ezizogqwala zizogqwala azizugqwala ezingezugqwala zingezugqwala
class 9 izogqwala ezogqwala izogqwala ayizugqwala engezugqwala ingezugqwala
class 10 zizogqwala ezizogqwala zizogqwala azizugqwala ezingezugqwala zingezugqwala
class 11 luzogqwala oluzogqwala luzogqwala aluzugqwala olungezugqwala lungezugqwala
class 14 buzogqwala obuzogqwala buzogqwala abuzugqwala obungezugqwala bungezugqwala
class 15 kuzogqwala okuzogqwala kuzogqwala akuzugqwala okungezugqwala kungezugqwala
class 17 kuzogqwala okuzogqwala kuzogqwala akuzugqwala okungezugqwala kungezugqwala
remote future
positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
1st singular ngiyogqwala engiyogqwala ngiyogqwala angiyugqwala engingeyugqwala ngingeyugqwala
2nd singular uyogqwala oyogqwala uyogqwala awuyugqwala ongeyugqwala ungeyugqwala
1st plural siyogqwala esiyogqwala siyogqwala asiyugqwala esingeyugqwala singeyugqwala
2nd plural niyogqwala eniyogqwala niyogqwala aniyugqwala eningeyugqwala ningeyugqwala
class 1 uyogqwala oyogqwala eyogqwala akayugqwala ongeyugqwala engeyugqwala
class 2 bayogqwala abayogqwala beyogqwala abayugqwala abangeyugqwala bengeyugqwala
class 3 uyogqwala oyogqwala uyogqwala awuyugqwala ongeyugqwala ungeyugqwala
class 4 iyogqwala eyogqwala iyogqwala ayiyugqwala engeyugqwala ingeyugqwala
class 5 liyogqwala eliyogqwala liyogqwala aliyugqwala elingeyugqwala lingeyugqwala
class 6 ayogqwala ayogqwala eyogqwala awayugqwala angeyugqwala engeyugqwala
class 7 siyogqwala esiyogqwala siyogqwala asiyugqwala esingeyugqwala singeyugqwala
class 8 ziyogqwala eziyogqwala ziyogqwala aziyugqwala ezingeyugqwala zingeyugqwala
class 9 iyogqwala eyogqwala iyogqwala ayiyugqwala engeyugqwala ingeyugqwala
class 10 ziyogqwala eziyogqwala ziyogqwala aziyugqwala ezingeyugqwala zingeyugqwala
class 11 luyogqwala oluyogqwala luyogqwala aluyugqwala olungeyugqwala lungeyugqwala
class 14 buyogqwala obuyogqwala buyogqwala abuyugqwala obungeyugqwala bungeyugqwala
class 15 kuyogqwala okuyogqwala kuyogqwala akuyugqwala okungeyugqwala kungeyugqwala
class 17 kuyogqwala okuyogqwala kuyogqwala akuyugqwala okungeyugqwala kungeyugqwala
present subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngigqwale ngingagqwali
2nd singular ugqwale ungagqwali
1st plural sigqwale singagqwali
2nd plural nigqwale ningagqwali
class 1 agqwale angagqwali
class 2 bagqwale bangagqwali
class 3 ugqwale ungagqwali
class 4 igqwale ingagqwali
class 5 ligqwale lingagqwali
class 6 agqwale angagqwali
class 7 sigqwale singagqwali
class 8 zigqwale zingagqwali
class 9 igqwale ingagqwali
class 10 zigqwale zingagqwali
class 11 lugqwale lungagqwali
class 14 bugqwale bungagqwali
class 15 kugqwale kungagqwali
class 17 kugqwale kungagqwali
past subjunctive
positive negative
1st singular ngagqwala ngangagqwala, angagqwala, angangagqwala
2nd singular wagqwala wangagqwala, awagqwala, awangagqwala
1st plural sagqwala sangagqwala, asagqwala, asangagqwala
2nd plural nagqwala nangagqwala, anagqwala, anangagqwala
class 1 wagqwala wangagqwala, akagqwala, akangagqwala
class 2 bagqwala bangagqwala, abagqwala, abangagqwala
class 3 wagqwala wangagqwala, awagqwala, awangagqwala
class 4 yagqwala yangagqwala, ayagqwala, ayangagqwala
class 5 lagqwala langagqwala, alagqwala, alangagqwala
class 6 agqwala angagqwala, awagqwala, awangagqwala
class 7 sagqwala sangagqwala, asagqwala, asangagqwala
class 8 zagqwala zangagqwala, azagqwala, azangagqwala
class 9 yagqwala yangagqwala, ayagqwala, ayangagqwala
class 10 zagqwala zangagqwala, azagqwala, azangagqwala
class 11 lwagqwala lwangagqwala, alwagqwala, alwangagqwala
class 14 bagqwala bangagqwala, abagqwala, abangagqwala
class 15 kwagqwala kwangagqwala, akwagqwala, akwangagqwala
class 17 kwagqwala kwangagqwala, akwagqwala, akwangagqwala

References

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