gravir
French
Etymology
Related to Old French graue (“claw”), from the idea of climbing using claws. Inherited from Old French gravir, from Frankish *krawjan, related to Proto-Germanic *krauwōn, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to wind, twist”), see also Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡʁa.viʁ/
Audio: (file)
Verb
gravir
- to climb up
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of gravir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | gravir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gravissant /ɡʁa.vi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gravi /ɡʁa.vi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gravis /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravis /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravit /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravissons /ɡʁa.vi.sɔ̃/ |
gravissez /ɡʁa.vi.se/ |
gravissent /ɡʁa.vis/ |
| imperfect | gravissais /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/ |
gravissais /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/ |
gravissait /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/ |
gravissions /ɡʁa.vi.sjɔ̃/ |
gravissiez /ɡʁa.vi.sje/ |
gravissaient /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gravis /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravis /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravit /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravîmes /ɡʁa.vim/ |
gravîtes /ɡʁa.vit/ |
gravirent /ɡʁa.viʁ/ | |
| future | gravirai /ɡʁa.vi.ʁe/ |
graviras /ɡʁa.vi.ʁa/ |
gravira /ɡʁa.vi.ʁa/ |
gravirons /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɔ̃/ |
gravirez /ɡʁa.vi.ʁe/ |
graviront /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gravirais /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/ |
gravirais /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/ |
gravirait /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/ |
gravirions /ɡʁa.vi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
graviriez /ɡʁa.vi.ʁje/ |
graviraient /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gravisse /ɡʁa.vis/ |
gravisses /ɡʁa.vis/ |
gravisse /ɡʁa.vis/ |
gravissions /ɡʁa.vi.sjɔ̃/ |
gravissiez /ɡʁa.vi.sje/ |
gravissent /ɡʁa.vis/ |
| imperfect2 | gravisse /ɡʁa.vis/ |
gravisses /ɡʁa.vis/ |
gravît /ɡʁa.vi/ |
gravissions /ɡʁa.vi.sjɔ̃/ |
gravissiez /ɡʁa.vi.sje/ |
gravissent /ɡʁa.vis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gravis /ɡʁa.vi/ |
— | gravissons /ɡʁa.vi.sɔ̃/ |
gravissez /ɡʁa.vi.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “gravir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
Etymology
Borrowed from Dutch gravure, from French gravure.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡra.vɪr/, /ˈɡra.fɪr/
- Rhymes: -vɪr, -fɪr
- Hyphenation: gra‧vir
Noun
gravir (plural gravir-gravir)
- engraving
- gravure: a type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a rotating copper cylinder
Alternative forms
- grafir