gulti

English

Alternative forms

golti, gult, golt

Etymology

Borrowed from Tamil குல்தி (kulti), reverse of தெலுகு (teluku).

Proper noun

gulti

(India, offensive, ethnic slur) a Telugu

Lithuanian

Etymology

Cognate with Latvian gul̃t (“go to bed”). Related to guolis (“lair, den”) (see there for more cognates). Derksen connects this etymon with dialectal gvaldýti (“cram, pack”), gvãlis (“lair, den”), which means the -u- must go back to Proto-Indo-European *-u̯-. The root may therefore be Proto-Indo-European *gwel-, *gul-.^[1]

In view of this reconstruction, we may have to reject connections with Tocharian A klā-, klāw- Tocharian B klāy- (“fall, collapse”), Sanskrit ग्लाति (glāti) ग्लायति (glāyáti, “be exhausted, weary”), which assume a zero-grade *gʷl̥-.^[2]

An alternative view is that of Robinson, who, in view of lėgti ("weaken, cease", also "lay down"), suggests a connection by metathesis with Proto-Slavic *legti (“to lie”), from *legʰ-.^[3] Compare kepti : Proto-Slavic *pekti (“to bake”).

Verb

gul̃ti (third-person present tense gùla, third-person past tense gùlė)

(intransitive, with į̃ + accusative) lie, lie down (assume a lying position to rest)
(intransitive) fall ill, sick
(intransitive, about grass, crops) wilt, droop
(intransitive) settle, rest
dùlkės gùla añt stãlo. - dust settles on the table.
(intransitive, with į̃ + accusative) infest, infect

Conjugation

Conjugation of *gulti*
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
		singular vienaskaita			plural daugiskaita
		aš	tu	jis/ji	mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative tiesioginė nuosaka	present esamasis laikas	gulù	guli̇̀	gùla	gùlame, gùlam	gùlate, gùlat	gùla
	past būtasis kartinis laikas	gulaũ	gulai̇̃	gùlo	gùlome, gùlom	gùlote, gùlot	gùlo
	past frequentative būtasis dažninis laikas	gul̃davau	gul̃davai	gul̃davo	gul̃davome, gul̃davom	gul̃davote, gul̃davot	gul̃davo
	future būsimasis laikas	gul̃siu	gul̃si	gul̃s	gul̃sime, gul̃sim	gul̃site, gul̃sit	gul̃s
subjunctive tariamoji nuosaka		gul̃čiau	gul̃tum, gul̃tumei	gul̃tų	gul̃tumėme, gul̃tumėm, gul̃tume	gul̃tumėte, gul̃tumėt	gul̃tų
imperative liepiamoji nuosaka		—	gul̃k, gul̃ki	tegùla, tegùlie	gul̃kime, gul̃kim	gul̃kite, gul̃kit	tegùla, tegùlie

Participles of gulti

adjectival (dalyviai)
	active	passive
present	gùląs, gùlantis	gùlamas
past	gùlęs	gul̃tas
past frequentative	gul̃davęs	—
future	gul̃siąs, gul̃siantis	gul̃simas
participle of necessity	—	gul̃tinas

adverbial
special pusdalyvis		gul̃damas
half-participle padalyviai	present	gùlant
	past	gùlus
	past frequentative	gul̃davus
	future	gul̃siant
manner of action būdinys		gul̃te, gul̃tinai

Derived terms

guldyti
gulekšnis
gulėti
gulimas
gulinėti
gulinti
gulykla
gulsčias
gulstė
gulstinis
gultas
gultis
tegu, tegul

prefixed forms of gulti

apgulti
atgulti
- atsigulti
išgulti
įgulti
nugulti
pagulti
sugulti
užgulti
- užsigulti

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193
^ Albert J. van Windekens (1979) Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes. Vol. I. La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain, page 217
^ David F. Robinson (1983) 'On Loan Words between Baltic and Slavic' in American Contributions to the Ninth International Congress of Slavists, Kiev, September 1983, volume I. Linguistics. Ed. M. S. Flier. Columbus, Ohio, page 248

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 193

[2] Albert J. van Windekens (1979) Le tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indoeuropéennes. Vol. I. La phonétique et le vocabulaire. Louvain, page 217

[3] David F. Robinson (1983) 'On Loan Words between Baltic and Slavic' in American Contributions to the Ninth International Congress of Slavists, Kiev, September 1983, volume I. Linguistics. Ed. M. S. Flier. Columbus, Ohio, page 248

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