guqula
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-gúqula
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
Zulu
Etymology
From the ideophone guqu.
Verb
-guqula
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuguqula | ukungaguquli | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | guqula | -guqule | ||||
| plural | guqulani | -guquleni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyaguqula, ngiguqula | engiguqulayo, engiguqula | ngiguqula | angiguquli | engingaguquli | ngingaguquli |
| 2nd singular | uyaguqula, uguqula | oguqulayo, oguqula | uguqula | awuguquli | ongaguquli | ungaguquli |
| 1st plural | siyaguqula, siguqula | esiguqulayo, esiguqula | siguqula | asiguquli | esingaguquli | singaguquli |
| 2nd plural | niyaguqula, niguqula | eniguqulayo, eniguqula | niguqula | aniguquli | eningaguquli | ningaguquli |
| class 1 | uyaguqula, uguqula | oguqulayo, oguqula | eguqula | akaguquli | ongaguquli | engaguquli |
| class 2 | bayaguqula, baguqula | abaguqulayo, abaguqula | beguqula | abaguquli | abangaguquli | bengaguquli |
| class 3 | uyaguqula, uguqula | oguqulayo, oguqula | uguqula | awuguquli | ongaguquli | ungaguquli |
| class 4 | iyaguqula, iguqula | eguqulayo, eguqula | iguqula | ayiguquli | engaguquli | ingaguquli |
| class 5 | liyaguqula, liguqula | eliguqulayo, eliguqula | liguqula | aliguquli | elingaguquli | lingaguquli |
| class 6 | ayaguqula, aguqula | aguqulayo, aguqula | eguqula | awaguquli | angaguquli | engaguquli |
| class 7 | siyaguqula, siguqula | esiguqulayo, esiguqula | siguqula | asiguquli | esingaguquli | singaguquli |
| class 8 | ziyaguqula, ziguqula | eziguqulayo, eziguqula | ziguqula | aziguquli | ezingaguquli | zingaguquli |
| class 9 | iyaguqula, iguqula | eguqulayo, eguqula | iguqula | ayiguquli | engaguquli | ingaguquli |
| class 10 | ziyaguqula, ziguqula | eziguqulayo, eziguqula | ziguqula | aziguquli | ezingaguquli | zingaguquli |
| class 11 | luyaguqula, luguqula | oluguqulayo, oluguqula | luguqula | aluguquli | olungaguquli | lungaguquli |
| class 14 | buyaguqula, buguqula | obuguqulayo, obuguqula | buguqula | abuguquli | obungaguquli | bungaguquli |
| class 15 | kuyaguqula, kuguqula | okuguqulayo, okuguqula | kuguqula | akuguquli | okungaguquli | kungaguquli |
| class 17 | kuyaguqula, kuguqula | okuguqulayo, okuguqula | kuguqula | akuguquli | okungaguquli | kungaguquli |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiguqulile, ngiguqulē | engiguqulile, engiguqulē | ngiguqulile, ngiguqulē | angiguqulanga | engingaguqulanga | ngingaguqulanga |
| 2nd singular | uguqulile, uguqulē | oguqulile, oguqulē | uguqulile, uguqulē | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| 1st plural | siguqulile, siguqulē | esiguqulile, esiguqulē | siguqulile, siguqulē | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| 2nd plural | niguqulile, niguqulē | eniguqulile, eniguqulē | niguqulile, niguqulē | aniguqulanga | eningaguqulanga | ningaguqulanga |
| class 1 | uguqulile, uguqulē | oguqulile, oguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | akaguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| class 2 | baguqulile, baguqulē | abaguqulile, abaguqulē | beguqulile, beguqulē | abaguqulanga | abangaguqulanga | bengaguqulanga |
| class 3 | uguqulile, uguqulē | oguqulile, oguqulē | uguqulile, uguqulē | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| class 4 | iguqulile, iguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | iguqulile, iguqulē | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| class 5 | liguqulile, liguqulē | eliguqulile, eliguqulē | liguqulile, liguqulē | aliguqulanga | elingaguqulanga | lingaguqulanga |
| class 6 | aguqulile, aguqulē | aguqulile, aguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | awaguqulanga | angaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| class 7 | siguqulile, siguqulē | esiguqulile, esiguqulē | siguqulile, siguqulē | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| class 8 | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | eziguqulile, eziguqulē | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| class 9 | iguqulile, iguqulē | eguqulile, eguqulē | iguqulile, iguqulē | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| class 10 | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | eziguqulile, eziguqulē | ziguqulile, ziguqulē | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| class 11 | luguqulile, luguqulē | oluguqulile, oluguqulē | luguqulile, luguqulē | aluguqulanga | olungaguqulanga | lungaguqulanga |
| class 14 | buguqulile, buguqulē | obuguqulile, obuguqulē | buguqulile, buguqulē | abuguqulanga | obungaguqulanga | bungaguqulanga |
| class 15 | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | okuguqulile, okuguqulē | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| class 17 | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | okuguqulile, okuguqulē | kuguqulile, kuguqulē | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāguqula | engāguqula | ngāguqula | angiguqulanga | engingaguqulanga | ngingaguqulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāguqula | owāguqula | wāguqula | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| 1st plural | sāguqula | esāguqula | sāguqula | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāguqula | enāguqula | nāguqula | aniguqulanga | eningaguqulanga | ningaguqulanga |
| class 1 | wāguqula | owāguqula | āguqula | akaguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| class 2 | bāguqula | abāguqula | bāguqula | abaguqulanga | abangaguqulanga | bengaguqulanga |
| class 3 | wāguqula | owāguqula | wāguqula | awuguqulanga | ongaguqulanga | ungaguqulanga |
| class 4 | yāguqula | eyāguqula | yāguqula | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| class 5 | lāguqula | elāguqula | lāguqula | aliguqulanga | elingaguqulanga | lingaguqulanga |
| class 6 | āguqula | āguqula | āguqula | awaguqulanga | angaguqulanga | engaguqulanga |
| class 7 | sāguqula | esāguqula | sāguqula | asiguqulanga | esingaguqulanga | singaguqulanga |
| class 8 | zāguqula | ezāguqula | zāguqula | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| class 9 | yāguqula | eyāguqula | yāguqula | ayiguqulanga | engaguqulanga | ingaguqulanga |
| class 10 | zāguqula | ezāguqula | zāguqula | aziguqulanga | ezingaguqulanga | zingaguqulanga |
| class 11 | lwāguqula | olwāguqula | lwāguqula | aluguqulanga | olungaguqulanga | lungaguqulanga |
| class 14 | bāguqula | obāguqula | bāguqula | abuguqulanga | obungaguqulanga | bungaguqulanga |
| class 15 | kwāguqula | okwāguqula | kwāguqula | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| class 17 | kwāguqula | okwāguqula | kwāguqula | akuguqulanga | okungaguqulanga | kungaguqulanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingaguqula | — | ngingaguqula | ngingeguqule | — | ngingeguqule |
| 2nd singular | ungaguqula | — | ungaguqula | ungeguqule | — | ungeguqule |
| 1st plural | singaguqula | — | singaguqula | singeguqule | — | singeguqule |
| 2nd plural | ningaguqula | — | ningaguqula | ningeguqule | — | ningeguqule |
| class 1 | angaguqula | — | engaguqula | angeguqule | — | engeguqule |
| class 2 | bangaguqula | — | bengaguqula | bangeguqule | — | bengeguqule |
| class 3 | ungaguqula | — | ungaguqula | ungeguqule | — | ungeguqule |
| class 4 | ingaguqula | — | ingaguqula | ingeguqule | — | ingeguqule |
| class 5 | lingaguqula | — | lingaguqula | lingeguqule | — | lingeguqule |
| class 6 | angaguqula | — | engaguqula | angeguqule | — | engeguqule |
| class 7 | singaguqula | — | singaguqula | singeguqule | — | singeguqule |
| class 8 | zingaguqula | — | zingaguqula | zingeguqule | — | zingeguqule |
| class 9 | ingaguqula | — | ingaguqula | ingeguqule | — | ingeguqule |
| class 10 | zingaguqula | — | zingaguqula | zingeguqule | — | zingeguqule |
| class 11 | lungaguqula | — | lungaguqula | lungeguqule | — | lungeguqule |
| class 14 | bungaguqula | — | bungaguqula | bungeguqule | — | bungeguqule |
| class 15 | kungaguqula | — | kungaguqula | kungeguqule | — | kungeguqule |
| class 17 | kungaguqula | — | kungaguqula | kungeguqule | — | kungeguqule |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizoguqula | engizoguqula | ngizoguqula | angizuguqula | engingezuguqula | ngingezuguqula |
| 2nd singular | uzoguqula | ozoguqula | uzoguqula | awuzuguqula | ongezuguqula | ungezuguqula |
| 1st plural | sizoguqula | esizoguqula | sizoguqula | asizuguqula | esingezuguqula | singezuguqula |
| 2nd plural | nizoguqula | enizoguqula | nizoguqula | anizuguqula | eningezuguqula | ningezuguqula |
| class 1 | uzoguqula | ozoguqula | ezoguqula | akazuguqula | ongezuguqula | engezuguqula |
| class 2 | bazoguqula | abazoguqula | bezoguqula | abazuguqula | abangezuguqula | bengezuguqula |
| class 3 | uzoguqula | ozoguqula | uzoguqula | awuzuguqula | ongezuguqula | ungezuguqula |
| class 4 | izoguqula | ezoguqula | izoguqula | ayizuguqula | engezuguqula | ingezuguqula |
| class 5 | lizoguqula | elizoguqula | lizoguqula | alizuguqula | elingezuguqula | lingezuguqula |
| class 6 | azoguqula | azoguqula | ezoguqula | awazuguqula | angezuguqula | engezuguqula |
| class 7 | sizoguqula | esizoguqula | sizoguqula | asizuguqula | esingezuguqula | singezuguqula |
| class 8 | zizoguqula | ezizoguqula | zizoguqula | azizuguqula | ezingezuguqula | zingezuguqula |
| class 9 | izoguqula | ezoguqula | izoguqula | ayizuguqula | engezuguqula | ingezuguqula |
| class 10 | zizoguqula | ezizoguqula | zizoguqula | azizuguqula | ezingezuguqula | zingezuguqula |
| class 11 | luzoguqula | oluzoguqula | luzoguqula | aluzuguqula | olungezuguqula | lungezuguqula |
| class 14 | buzoguqula | obuzoguqula | buzoguqula | abuzuguqula | obungezuguqula | bungezuguqula |
| class 15 | kuzoguqula | okuzoguqula | kuzoguqula | akuzuguqula | okungezuguqula | kungezuguqula |
| class 17 | kuzoguqula | okuzoguqula | kuzoguqula | akuzuguqula | okungezuguqula | kungezuguqula |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyoguqula | engiyoguqula | ngiyoguqula | angiyuguqula | engingeyuguqula | ngingeyuguqula |
| 2nd singular | uyoguqula | oyoguqula | uyoguqula | awuyuguqula | ongeyuguqula | ungeyuguqula |
| 1st plural | siyoguqula | esiyoguqula | siyoguqula | asiyuguqula | esingeyuguqula | singeyuguqula |
| 2nd plural | niyoguqula | eniyoguqula | niyoguqula | aniyuguqula | eningeyuguqula | ningeyuguqula |
| class 1 | uyoguqula | oyoguqula | eyoguqula | akayuguqula | ongeyuguqula | engeyuguqula |
| class 2 | bayoguqula | abayoguqula | beyoguqula | abayuguqula | abangeyuguqula | bengeyuguqula |
| class 3 | uyoguqula | oyoguqula | uyoguqula | awuyuguqula | ongeyuguqula | ungeyuguqula |
| class 4 | iyoguqula | eyoguqula | iyoguqula | ayiyuguqula | engeyuguqula | ingeyuguqula |
| class 5 | liyoguqula | eliyoguqula | liyoguqula | aliyuguqula | elingeyuguqula | lingeyuguqula |
| class 6 | ayoguqula | ayoguqula | eyoguqula | awayuguqula | angeyuguqula | engeyuguqula |
| class 7 | siyoguqula | esiyoguqula | siyoguqula | asiyuguqula | esingeyuguqula | singeyuguqula |
| class 8 | ziyoguqula | eziyoguqula | ziyoguqula | aziyuguqula | ezingeyuguqula | zingeyuguqula |
| class 9 | iyoguqula | eyoguqula | iyoguqula | ayiyuguqula | engeyuguqula | ingeyuguqula |
| class 10 | ziyoguqula | eziyoguqula | ziyoguqula | aziyuguqula | ezingeyuguqula | zingeyuguqula |
| class 11 | luyoguqula | oluyoguqula | luyoguqula | aluyuguqula | olungeyuguqula | lungeyuguqula |
| class 14 | buyoguqula | obuyoguqula | buyoguqula | abuyuguqula | obungeyuguqula | bungeyuguqula |
| class 15 | kuyoguqula | okuyoguqula | kuyoguqula | akuyuguqula | okungeyuguqula | kungeyuguqula |
| class 17 | kuyoguqula | okuyoguqula | kuyoguqula | akuyuguqula | okungeyuguqula | kungeyuguqula |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngiguqule | ngingaguquli | ||||
| 2nd singular | uguqule | ungaguquli | ||||
| 1st plural | siguqule | singaguquli | ||||
| 2nd plural | niguqule | ningaguquli | ||||
| class 1 | aguqule | angaguquli | ||||
| class 2 | baguqule | bangaguquli | ||||
| class 3 | uguqule | ungaguquli | ||||
| class 4 | iguqule | ingaguquli | ||||
| class 5 | liguqule | lingaguquli | ||||
| class 6 | aguqule | angaguquli | ||||
| class 7 | siguqule | singaguquli | ||||
| class 8 | ziguqule | zingaguquli | ||||
| class 9 | iguqule | ingaguquli | ||||
| class 10 | ziguqule | zingaguquli | ||||
| class 11 | luguqule | lungaguquli | ||||
| class 14 | buguqule | bungaguquli | ||||
| class 15 | kuguqule | kungaguquli | ||||
| class 17 | kuguqule | kungaguquli | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngaguqula | ngangaguqula, angaguqula, angangaguqula | ||||
| 2nd singular | waguqula | wangaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula | ||||
| 1st plural | saguqula | sangaguqula, asaguqula, asangaguqula | ||||
| 2nd plural | naguqula | nangaguqula, anaguqula, anangaguqula | ||||
| class 1 | waguqula | wangaguqula, akaguqula, akangaguqula | ||||
| class 2 | baguqula | bangaguqula, abaguqula, abangaguqula | ||||
| class 3 | waguqula | wangaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula | ||||
| class 4 | yaguqula | yangaguqula, ayaguqula, ayangaguqula | ||||
| class 5 | laguqula | langaguqula, alaguqula, alangaguqula | ||||
| class 6 | aguqula | angaguqula, awaguqula, awangaguqula | ||||
| class 7 | saguqula | sangaguqula, asaguqula, asangaguqula | ||||
| class 8 | zaguqula | zangaguqula, azaguqula, azangaguqula | ||||
| class 9 | yaguqula | yangaguqula, ayaguqula, ayangaguqula | ||||
| class 10 | zaguqula | zangaguqula, azaguqula, azangaguqula | ||||
| class 11 | lwaguqula | lwangaguqula, alwaguqula, alwangaguqula | ||||
| class 14 | baguqula | bangaguqula, abaguqula, abangaguqula | ||||
| class 15 | kwaguqula | kwangaguqula, akwaguqula, akwangaguqula | ||||
| class 17 | kwaguqula | kwangaguqula, akwaguqula, akwangaguqula | ||||
Related terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “guqula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “guqula (3.2.9)”