gwenwyno

Welsh

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Welsh gwenwynaw, gwennwynaw, gwennỽynaw, gỽenỽynaỽ. By surface analysis, gwenwyn +‎ -o. The collateral gwenwynu may result from the influence of gwynnu (whiten).

Verb

gwenwyno (first-person singular present gwenwynaf)

  1. (transitive) to poison, to infect

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gwenwynaf gwenwyni gwenwyn, gwenwyna gwenwynwn gwenwynwch gwenwynant gwenwynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional
gwenwynwn gwenwynit gwenwynai gwenwynem gwenwynech gwenwynent gwenwynid
preterite gwenwynais gwenwynaist gwenwynodd gwenwynasom gwenwynasoch gwenwynasant gwenwynwyd
pluperfect gwenwynaswn gwenwynasit gwenwynasai gwenwynasem gwenwynasech gwenwynasent gwenwynasid, gwenwynesid
present subjunctive gwenwynwyf gwenwynych gwenwyno gwenwynom gwenwynoch gwenwynont gwenwyner
imperative gwenwyn, gwenwyna gwenwyned gwenwynwn gwenwynwch gwenwynent gwenwyner
verbal noun gwenwyno
verbal adjectives gwenwynedig
gwenwynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms
singular plural
first second third first second third
future gwenwyna i,
gwenwynaf i
gwenwyni di gwenwynith o/e/hi,
gwenwyniff e/hi
gwenwynwn ni gwenwynwch chi gwenwynan nhw
conditional gwenwynwn i,
gwenwynswn i
gwenwynet ti,
gwenwynset ti
gwenwynai fo/fe/hi,
gwenwynsai fo/fe/hi
gwenwynen ni,
gwenwynsen ni
gwenwynech chi,
gwenwynsech chi
gwenwynen nhw,
gwenwynsen nhw
preterite gwenwynais i,
gwenwynes i
gwenwynaist ti,
gwenwynest ti
gwenwynodd o/e/hi gwenwynon ni gwenwynoch chi gwenwynon nhw
imperative gwenwyna gwenwynwch

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of gwenwyno
radical soft nasal aspirate
gwenwyno wenwyno ngwenwyno unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwenwyno”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies