Navajo
Etymology
ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -neʼ (durative imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to tell”).
Pronunciation
Verb
halneʼ
- he/she is
- he/she is talking about, recounting, telling about (is used with bee “about” and bił “to whom”)
- Bee nił hodeeshnih. ― I will tell you about it.
- Shee yił halneʼ. ― He tells him about me.
- he/she is interpreting, translating
- (with hazhóʼó) he/she explains it (the object is referred by baa)
- Hazhóʼó baa hweeshneʼ. ― I explained it.
Conjugation
Paradigm: Durative (∅/yi).
| imperfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
hashneʼ
|
hwiilneʼ
|
dahwiilneʼ
|
| 2nd person
|
hólneʼ
|
hołneʼ
|
dahołneʼ
|
| 3rd person
|
halneʼ
|
dahalneʼ
|
| 4th person
|
hojilneʼ
|
dahojilneʼ
|
| perfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
hweeshneʼ
|
hwiilneʼ
|
dahwiilneʼ
|
| 2nd person
|
hwíínílneʼ
|
hoołneʼ
|
dahoołneʼ
|
| 3rd person
|
hoolneʼ
|
dahoolneʼ
|
| 4th person
|
hojoolneʼ
|
dahojoolneʼ
|
| future
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
hodeeshnih
|
hodiilnih
|
dahodiilnih
|
| 2nd person
|
hodíílnih
|
hodoołnih
|
dahodoołnih
|
| 3rd person
|
hodoolnih
|
dahodoolnih
|
| 4th person
|
hozhdoolnih
|
dahozhdoolnih
|
| iterative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
náháshnih
|
náhwiilnih
|
nídahwiilnih
|
| 2nd person
|
náhólnih
|
náhółnih
|
nídahołnih
|
| 3rd person
|
náhálnih
|
nídahalnih
|
| 4th person
|
náhojilnih
|
nídahojilnih
|
| optative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
hóshneʼ
|
hoolneʼ
|
dahoolneʼ
|
| 2nd person
|
hóólneʼ
|
hoolneʼ
|
dahoolneʼ
|
| 3rd person
|
hólneʼ
|
dahólneʼ
|
| 4th person
|
hojólneʼ
|
dahojólneʼ
|
- IMPERFECTIVE: -neʼ
- PERFECTIVE: -neʼ
- FUTURE: -nih
- ITERATIVE: -nih
- OPTATIVE: -neʼ