heard

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

heard

  1. simple past and past participle of hear

Adjective

heard (not comparable)

  1. That has been perceived aurally.
    • 2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 10:
      [T]he following are some examples of the types of heard information that can be used to distinguish some of the languages in Singapore, namely Malay and Singapore English.
Derived terms

Interjection

heard

  1. (colloquial) I understand; gotcha.

References

  1. ^ Dobson, E. J. (1957) English pronunciation 1500-1700‎[1], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 65, pages 559-560:
    ME ă is most commonly recorded in heard, which has it in Cheke (beside ĕ), Laneham, Coote, Robinson (beside ĕ), Hayward, Daines, Wharton, Poole, Price, Cocker, and the ‘homophone lists’ from that of Hodges onwards. Butler knows the ă pronunciation, but says that it is not generally accepted (he himself prefers a pronunciation with a long vowel). Gil twice shows lengthening of this ă to identity with ME ā (see Vol. I, pp. 145-6) […] But ME ĕ is recorded for heard by Cheke (beside ă), Bullokar, Mulcaster (but his evidence is of uncertain value), Robinson (beside ă), and RS; so possibly Merriott, who equates herd with heard, and Brown, who gives herd as a ‘phonetic’ spelling of heard.
    .

Etymology 2

Noun

heard (plural heards)

  1. Obsolete form of herd.
    • 1649, Edmund William Ashbee, Occasional Fac-simile Reprints of Rare English Tracts, page 112:
      Their power is […] to […] unfructify Trees, parch and wither Grasse and Hearbes; bring scabs and diseases upon men, and murraine and rot upon Heards and Flockes […]

Anagrams

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī). Compare Old Frisian herd, Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old High German hart, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xæ͜ɑrd/, [hæ͜ɑrˠd]

Adjective

heard

  1. hard, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave
    • Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church
      Đā andwyrde Martinus unforht ðām cāsere, "Iċ wille ðurhgān orsorh ðone here, mid rōde tācne ġewǣpnod, nā mid rēadum sċylde, oððe mid hefeġum helme, oððe heardre byrnan." Đa hēt sē hǣðena cyning healdan Martinum, þæt hē wurde āworpen unġewǣpnod ðām here. Þā nolde sē Hǣlend his ðeġen forlǣtan, ac ġesibbode þæt folc sōna þǣs on merien, þæt hī tō þǣs cāseres cyneġyrde ġebugon.
      Then the bold Martinus answered the emperor "I will go fearlessly through the army, armed with a crucifix, not with a red shield, nor with a heavy helmet, nor a hard corselet." So the heathen king ordered that Martinus be held so he could be thrown unarmed into the army. But the Savior would not abandon his servant, and in the morning soon pacified the people so that they submitted to the emperor's scepter.

Declension

Declension of heard — Strong
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative heard heard heard
Accusative heardne hearde heard
Genitive heardes heardre heardes
Dative heardum heardre heardum
Instrumental hearde heardre hearde
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hearde hearda, hearde heard
Accusative hearde hearda, hearde heard
Genitive heardra heardra heardra
Dative heardum heardum heardum
Instrumental heardum heardum heardum
Declension of heard — Weak
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hearda hearde hearde
Accusative heardan heardan hearde
Genitive heardan heardan heardan
Dative heardan heardan heardan
Instrumental heardan heardan heardan
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative heardan heardan heardan
Accusative heardan heardan heardan
Genitive heardra, heardena heardra, heardena heardra, heardena
Dative heardum heardum heardum
Instrumental heardum heardum heardum

Derived terms

  • fyrheard (“tempered, fire-hardened”)
  • heardcwide (“harsh language”)
  • hearde (“severely”)
  • heardecg (“hard of edge”)
  • heardfyrde (“difficult to carry”)
  • heardhēaw (“a chisel”)
  • heardheort (“hard-hearted”)
  • heardheortness (“hard-heartedness”)
  • heardhicgende (“bold in purpose”)
  • heardian (“to harden”)
  • hearding (“a hero”)
  • heardlīċ (“severe”)
  • heardlīċe (“hardly”)
  • heardlīcness (“hardness”)
  • heardmōd (“brave”)
  • heardmōdness (“hardness of heart”)
  • heardneb (“hard-beak”)
  • heardnes (“hardness”)
  • heardrǣd (“steadfast”)
  • heardsǣliġ (“unfortunate”)
  • heardsǣlness (“misfortune”)
  • heardsǣlþ (“a hard fate”)
  • heardwendlīċe (“severely”)

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle English: hard
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