Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic اِحْتَاجَ (iḥtāja).
Pronunciation
Verb
-hitaji (infinitive kuhitaji)
- to need
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -hitaji
|
| Positive present
|
-nahitaji
|
| Subjunctive
|
-hitaji
|
| Negative
|
-hitaji
|
| Imperative singular
|
hitaji
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
hitaji
|
| Plural
|
hitajini
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huhitaji
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lihitaji
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuhitaji
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahitaji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninahitaji/nahitaji
|
tunahitaji
|
| 2nd person
|
unahitaji
|
mnahitaji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anahitaji
|
wanahitaji
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nahitaji
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -hitaji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sihitaji
|
hatuhitaji
|
| 2nd person
|
huhitaji
|
hamhitaji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hahitaji
|
hawahitaji
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -hitaji
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tahitaji
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tahitaji
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hitaji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nihitaji
|
tuhitaji
|
| 2nd person
|
uhitaji
|
mhitaji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahitaji
|
wahitaji
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -hitaji
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sihitaji
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngehitaji
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singehitaji
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalihitaji
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalihitaji
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahitaji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nahitaji
|
twahitaji
|
| 2nd person
|
wahitaji
|
mwahitaji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
ahitaji
|
wahitaji
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wahitaji
|
yahitaji
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lahitaji
|
yahitaji
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chahitaji
|
vyahitaji
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yahitaji
|
zahitaji
|
| u(XI)
|
wahitaji
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwahitaji
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pahitaji
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwahitaji
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mehitaji
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshahitaji
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jahitaji
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kihitaji
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipohitaji
|
| Consecutive
|
kahitaji / positive subject concord + -kahitaji
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kahitaji
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nihitaji
|
-tuhitaji
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuhitaji
|
-wahitaji/-kuhitajini/-wahitajini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mhitaji
|
-wahitaji
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uhitaji
|
-ihitaji
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lihitaji
|
-yahitaji
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kihitaji
|
-vihitaji
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ihitaji
|
-zihitaji
|
| u(XI)
|
-uhitaji
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuhitaji
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pahitaji
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muhitaji
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jihitaji
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hitaji- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-hitajiye
|
-hitajio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-hitajio
|
-hitajiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-hitajilo
|
-hitajiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-hitajicho
|
-hitajivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-hitajiyo
|
-hitajizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-hitajio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-hitajiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-hitajipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-hitajimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hitaji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yehitaji
|
-ohitaji
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ohitaji
|
-yohitaji
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lohitaji
|
-yohitaji
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chohitaji
|
-vyohitaji
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yohitaji
|
-zohitaji
|
| u(XI)
|
-ohitaji
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kohitaji
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pohitaji
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mohitaji
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms