hlupha
Swazi
Verb
-hlupha
- to give trouble
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-hlupha
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Verb
-hlupha
- (transitive) to afflict, to bother, to disturb, to grieve, to torment, to trouble, to worry
- (transitive) to put to inconvenience
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukuhlupha | ukungahluphi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | hlupha | -hluphe | ||||
| plural | hluphani | -hlupheni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlupha, ngihlupha | engihluphayo, engihlupha | ngihlupha | angihluphi | engingahluphi | ngingahluphi |
| 2nd singular | uyahlupha, uhlupha | ohluphayo, ohlupha | uhlupha | awuhluphi | ongahluphi | ungahluphi |
| 1st plural | siyahlupha, sihlupha | esihluphayo, esihlupha | sihlupha | asihluphi | esingahluphi | singahluphi |
| 2nd plural | niyahlupha, nihlupha | enihluphayo, enihlupha | nihlupha | anihluphi | eningahluphi | ningahluphi |
| class 1 | uyahlupha, uhlupha | ohluphayo, ohlupha | ehlupha | akahluphi | ongahluphi | engahluphi |
| class 2 | bayahlupha, bahlupha | abahluphayo, abahlupha | behlupha | abahluphi | abangahluphi | bengahluphi |
| class 3 | uyahlupha, uhlupha | ohluphayo, ohlupha | uhlupha | awuhluphi | ongahluphi | ungahluphi |
| class 4 | iyahlupha, ihlupha | ehluphayo, ehlupha | ihlupha | ayihluphi | engahluphi | ingahluphi |
| class 5 | liyahlupha, lihlupha | elihluphayo, elihlupha | lihlupha | alihluphi | elingahluphi | lingahluphi |
| class 6 | ayahlupha, ahlupha | ahluphayo, ahlupha | ehlupha | awahluphi | angahluphi | engahluphi |
| class 7 | siyahlupha, sihlupha | esihluphayo, esihlupha | sihlupha | asihluphi | esingahluphi | singahluphi |
| class 8 | ziyahlupha, zihlupha | ezihluphayo, ezihlupha | zihlupha | azihluphi | ezingahluphi | zingahluphi |
| class 9 | iyahlupha, ihlupha | ehluphayo, ehlupha | ihlupha | ayihluphi | engahluphi | ingahluphi |
| class 10 | ziyahlupha, zihlupha | ezihluphayo, ezihlupha | zihlupha | azihluphi | ezingahluphi | zingahluphi |
| class 11 | luyahlupha, luhlupha | oluhluphayo, oluhlupha | luhlupha | aluhluphi | olungahluphi | lungahluphi |
| class 14 | buyahlupha, buhlupha | obuhluphayo, obuhlupha | buhlupha | abuhluphi | obungahluphi | bungahluphi |
| class 15 | kuyahlupha, kuhlupha | okuhluphayo, okuhlupha | kuhlupha | akuhluphi | okungahluphi | kungahluphi |
| class 17 | kuyahlupha, kuhlupha | okuhluphayo, okuhlupha | kuhlupha | akuhluphi | okungahluphi | kungahluphi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngihluphile, ngihluphē | engihluphile, engihluphē | ngihluphile, ngihluphē | angihluphanga | engingahluphanga | ngingahluphanga |
| 2nd singular | uhluphile, uhluphē | ohluphile, ohluphē | uhluphile, uhluphē | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| 1st plural | sihluphile, sihluphē | esihluphile, esihluphē | sihluphile, sihluphē | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| 2nd plural | nihluphile, nihluphē | enihluphile, enihluphē | nihluphile, nihluphē | anihluphanga | eningahluphanga | ningahluphanga |
| class 1 | uhluphile, uhluphē | ohluphile, ohluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | akahluphanga | ongahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| class 2 | bahluphile, bahluphē | abahluphile, abahluphē | behluphile, behluphē | abahluphanga | abangahluphanga | bengahluphanga |
| class 3 | uhluphile, uhluphē | ohluphile, ohluphē | uhluphile, uhluphē | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| class 4 | ihluphile, ihluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | ihluphile, ihluphē | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| class 5 | lihluphile, lihluphē | elihluphile, elihluphē | lihluphile, lihluphē | alihluphanga | elingahluphanga | lingahluphanga |
| class 6 | ahluphile, ahluphē | ahluphile, ahluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | awahluphanga | angahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| class 7 | sihluphile, sihluphē | esihluphile, esihluphē | sihluphile, sihluphē | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| class 8 | zihluphile, zihluphē | ezihluphile, ezihluphē | zihluphile, zihluphē | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| class 9 | ihluphile, ihluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | ihluphile, ihluphē | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| class 10 | zihluphile, zihluphē | ezihluphile, ezihluphē | zihluphile, zihluphē | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| class 11 | luhluphile, luhluphē | oluhluphile, oluhluphē | luhluphile, luhluphē | aluhluphanga | olungahluphanga | lungahluphanga |
| class 14 | buhluphile, buhluphē | obuhluphile, obuhluphē | buhluphile, buhluphē | abuhluphanga | obungahluphanga | bungahluphanga |
| class 15 | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | okuhluphile, okuhluphē | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| class 17 | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | okuhluphile, okuhluphē | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāhlupha | engāhlupha | ngāhlupha | angihluphanga | engingahluphanga | ngingahluphanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlupha | owāhlupha | wāhlupha | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| 1st plural | sāhlupha | esāhlupha | sāhlupha | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlupha | enāhlupha | nāhlupha | anihluphanga | eningahluphanga | ningahluphanga |
| class 1 | wāhlupha | owāhlupha | āhlupha | akahluphanga | ongahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| class 2 | bāhlupha | abāhlupha | bāhlupha | abahluphanga | abangahluphanga | bengahluphanga |
| class 3 | wāhlupha | owāhlupha | wāhlupha | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| class 4 | yāhlupha | eyāhlupha | yāhlupha | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| class 5 | lāhlupha | elāhlupha | lāhlupha | alihluphanga | elingahluphanga | lingahluphanga |
| class 6 | āhlupha | āhlupha | āhlupha | awahluphanga | angahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| class 7 | sāhlupha | esāhlupha | sāhlupha | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| class 8 | zāhlupha | ezāhlupha | zāhlupha | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| class 9 | yāhlupha | eyāhlupha | yāhlupha | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| class 10 | zāhlupha | ezāhlupha | zāhlupha | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| class 11 | lwāhlupha | olwāhlupha | lwāhlupha | aluhluphanga | olungahluphanga | lungahluphanga |
| class 14 | bāhlupha | obāhlupha | bāhlupha | abuhluphanga | obungahluphanga | bungahluphanga |
| class 15 | kwāhlupha | okwāhlupha | kwāhlupha | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| class 17 | kwāhlupha | okwāhlupha | kwāhlupha | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingahlupha | — | ngingahlupha | ngingehluphe | — | ngingehluphe |
| 2nd singular | ungahlupha | — | ungahlupha | ungehluphe | — | ungehluphe |
| 1st plural | singahlupha | — | singahlupha | singehluphe | — | singehluphe |
| 2nd plural | ningahlupha | — | ningahlupha | ningehluphe | — | ningehluphe |
| class 1 | angahlupha | — | engahlupha | angehluphe | — | engehluphe |
| class 2 | bangahlupha | — | bengahlupha | bangehluphe | — | bengehluphe |
| class 3 | ungahlupha | — | ungahlupha | ungehluphe | — | ungehluphe |
| class 4 | ingahlupha | — | ingahlupha | ingehluphe | — | ingehluphe |
| class 5 | lingahlupha | — | lingahlupha | lingehluphe | — | lingehluphe |
| class 6 | angahlupha | — | engahlupha | angehluphe | — | engehluphe |
| class 7 | singahlupha | — | singahlupha | singehluphe | — | singehluphe |
| class 8 | zingahlupha | — | zingahlupha | zingehluphe | — | zingehluphe |
| class 9 | ingahlupha | — | ingahlupha | ingehluphe | — | ingehluphe |
| class 10 | zingahlupha | — | zingahlupha | zingehluphe | — | zingehluphe |
| class 11 | lungahlupha | — | lungahlupha | lungehluphe | — | lungehluphe |
| class 14 | bungahlupha | — | bungahlupha | bungehluphe | — | bungehluphe |
| class 15 | kungahlupha | — | kungahlupha | kungehluphe | — | kungehluphe |
| class 17 | kungahlupha | — | kungahlupha | kungehluphe | — | kungehluphe |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizohlupha | engizohlupha | ngizohlupha | angizuhlupha | engingezuhlupha | ngingezuhlupha |
| 2nd singular | uzohlupha | ozohlupha | uzohlupha | awuzuhlupha | ongezuhlupha | ungezuhlupha |
| 1st plural | sizohlupha | esizohlupha | sizohlupha | asizuhlupha | esingezuhlupha | singezuhlupha |
| 2nd plural | nizohlupha | enizohlupha | nizohlupha | anizuhlupha | eningezuhlupha | ningezuhlupha |
| class 1 | uzohlupha | ozohlupha | ezohlupha | akazuhlupha | ongezuhlupha | engezuhlupha |
| class 2 | bazohlupha | abazohlupha | bezohlupha | abazuhlupha | abangezuhlupha | bengezuhlupha |
| class 3 | uzohlupha | ozohlupha | uzohlupha | awuzuhlupha | ongezuhlupha | ungezuhlupha |
| class 4 | izohlupha | ezohlupha | izohlupha | ayizuhlupha | engezuhlupha | ingezuhlupha |
| class 5 | lizohlupha | elizohlupha | lizohlupha | alizuhlupha | elingezuhlupha | lingezuhlupha |
| class 6 | azohlupha | azohlupha | ezohlupha | awazuhlupha | angezuhlupha | engezuhlupha |
| class 7 | sizohlupha | esizohlupha | sizohlupha | asizuhlupha | esingezuhlupha | singezuhlupha |
| class 8 | zizohlupha | ezizohlupha | zizohlupha | azizuhlupha | ezingezuhlupha | zingezuhlupha |
| class 9 | izohlupha | ezohlupha | izohlupha | ayizuhlupha | engezuhlupha | ingezuhlupha |
| class 10 | zizohlupha | ezizohlupha | zizohlupha | azizuhlupha | ezingezuhlupha | zingezuhlupha |
| class 11 | luzohlupha | oluzohlupha | luzohlupha | aluzuhlupha | olungezuhlupha | lungezuhlupha |
| class 14 | buzohlupha | obuzohlupha | buzohlupha | abuzuhlupha | obungezuhlupha | bungezuhlupha |
| class 15 | kuzohlupha | okuzohlupha | kuzohlupha | akuzuhlupha | okungezuhlupha | kungezuhlupha |
| class 17 | kuzohlupha | okuzohlupha | kuzohlupha | akuzuhlupha | okungezuhlupha | kungezuhlupha |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlupha | engiyohlupha | ngiyohlupha | angiyuhlupha | engingeyuhlupha | ngingeyuhlupha |
| 2nd singular | uyohlupha | oyohlupha | uyohlupha | awuyuhlupha | ongeyuhlupha | ungeyuhlupha |
| 1st plural | siyohlupha | esiyohlupha | siyohlupha | asiyuhlupha | esingeyuhlupha | singeyuhlupha |
| 2nd plural | niyohlupha | eniyohlupha | niyohlupha | aniyuhlupha | eningeyuhlupha | ningeyuhlupha |
| class 1 | uyohlupha | oyohlupha | eyohlupha | akayuhlupha | ongeyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha |
| class 2 | bayohlupha | abayohlupha | beyohlupha | abayuhlupha | abangeyuhlupha | bengeyuhlupha |
| class 3 | uyohlupha | oyohlupha | uyohlupha | awuyuhlupha | ongeyuhlupha | ungeyuhlupha |
| class 4 | iyohlupha | eyohlupha | iyohlupha | ayiyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha | ingeyuhlupha |
| class 5 | liyohlupha | eliyohlupha | liyohlupha | aliyuhlupha | elingeyuhlupha | lingeyuhlupha |
| class 6 | ayohlupha | ayohlupha | eyohlupha | awayuhlupha | angeyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha |
| class 7 | siyohlupha | esiyohlupha | siyohlupha | asiyuhlupha | esingeyuhlupha | singeyuhlupha |
| class 8 | ziyohlupha | eziyohlupha | ziyohlupha | aziyuhlupha | ezingeyuhlupha | zingeyuhlupha |
| class 9 | iyohlupha | eyohlupha | iyohlupha | ayiyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha | ingeyuhlupha |
| class 10 | ziyohlupha | eziyohlupha | ziyohlupha | aziyuhlupha | ezingeyuhlupha | zingeyuhlupha |
| class 11 | luyohlupha | oluyohlupha | luyohlupha | aluyuhlupha | olungeyuhlupha | lungeyuhlupha |
| class 14 | buyohlupha | obuyohlupha | buyohlupha | abuyuhlupha | obungeyuhlupha | bungeyuhlupha |
| class 15 | kuyohlupha | okuyohlupha | kuyohlupha | akuyuhlupha | okungeyuhlupha | kungeyuhlupha |
| class 17 | kuyohlupha | okuyohlupha | kuyohlupha | akuyuhlupha | okungeyuhlupha | kungeyuhlupha |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngihluphe | ngingahluphi | ||||
| 2nd singular | uhluphe | ungahluphi | ||||
| 1st plural | sihluphe | singahluphi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nihluphe | ningahluphi | ||||
| class 1 | ahluphe | angahluphi | ||||
| class 2 | bahluphe | bangahluphi | ||||
| class 3 | uhluphe | ungahluphi | ||||
| class 4 | ihluphe | ingahluphi | ||||
| class 5 | lihluphe | lingahluphi | ||||
| class 6 | ahluphe | angahluphi | ||||
| class 7 | sihluphe | singahluphi | ||||
| class 8 | zihluphe | zingahluphi | ||||
| class 9 | ihluphe | ingahluphi | ||||
| class 10 | zihluphe | zingahluphi | ||||
| class 11 | luhluphe | lungahluphi | ||||
| class 14 | buhluphe | bungahluphi | ||||
| class 15 | kuhluphe | kungahluphi | ||||
| class 17 | kuhluphe | kungahluphi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngahlupha | ngangahlupha, angahlupha, angangahlupha | ||||
| 2nd singular | wahlupha | wangahlupha, awahlupha, awangahlupha | ||||
| 1st plural | sahlupha | sangahlupha, asahlupha, asangahlupha | ||||
| 2nd plural | nahlupha | nangahlupha, anahlupha, anangahlupha | ||||
| class 1 | wahlupha | wangahlupha, akahlupha, akangahlupha | ||||
| class 2 | bahlupha | bangahlupha, abahlupha, abangahlupha | ||||
| class 3 | wahlupha | wangahlupha, awahlupha, awangahlupha | ||||
| class 4 | yahlupha | yangahlupha, ayahlupha, ayangahlupha | ||||
| class 5 | lahlupha | langahlupha, alahlupha, alangahlupha | ||||
| class 6 | ahlupha | angahlupha, awahlupha, awangahlupha | ||||
| class 7 | sahlupha | sangahlupha, asahlupha, asangahlupha | ||||
| class 8 | zahlupha | zangahlupha, azahlupha, azangahlupha | ||||
| class 9 | yahlupha | yangahlupha, ayahlupha, ayangahlupha | ||||
| class 10 | zahlupha | zangahlupha, azahlupha, azangahlupha | ||||
| class 11 | lwahlupha | lwangahlupha, alwahlupha, alwangahlupha | ||||
| class 14 | bahlupha | bangahlupha, abahlupha, abangahlupha | ||||
| class 15 | kwahlupha | kwangahlupha, akwahlupha, akwangahlupha | ||||
| class 17 | kwahlupha | kwangahlupha, akwahlupha, akwangahlupha | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlupha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlupha (6.3)”