hrad
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech hrad, from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɦrat]
- Hyphenation: hrad
- Rhymes: -at
Noun
hrad m inan (diminutive hrádek or hrádeček) (hrádek is a single diminutive and hrádeček is a double diminutive)
Usage notes
- The word hrad is used for castles whose main function seems to be defence, while zámek is used for those whose main function seems to be ostentation. For example, the castles of King Edward in Gwynedd are hrady, while the Loire Valley castles are zámky. The difference can be subjective, so that for example Windsor Castle can be called by either term by different speakers. Compare German Burg vs. Schloss.
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- “hrad”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “hrad”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “hrad”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
hrad m inan (relational adjective hradový)
Declension
Declension of hrad (hard o-stem)
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | hrad | hrady | hradi, hradové |
genitive | hrada, hradu | hradú | hradóv |
dative | hradu | hradoma | hradóm |
accusative | hrad | hrady | hrady |
vocative | hrade | hrady | hradi, hradové |
locative | hradě, hradu | hradú | hradiech |
instrumental | hradem | hradoma | hrady |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
- Czech: hrad
Further reading
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “hrad”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gȏrdъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɦrat]
Noun
hrad m inan (relational adjective hradný, diminutive hrádok)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | hrad | hrady |
genitive | hradu | hradov |
dative | hradu | hradom |
accusative | hrad | hrady |
locative | hrade | hradoch |
instrumental | hradom | hradmi |
Derived terms
- hradba f
- hradovitý
- hradisko n
- hradište n
Further reading
- “hrad”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025