intelligentsia
English
Etymology
From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija) or Polish inteligencja, from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of intelligence.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ɪntɛləˈd͡ʒɛn(t)si.ə/, /ɪntɛləˈɡɛn(t)si.ə/[1]
- (Received Pronunciation, dated) IPA(key): /ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/[2]
Noun
intelligentsia (countable and uncountable, plural intelligentsias)
- (politics) The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.
- 1967 [1899], Vladimir Lenin, “Попятное направление в русской социал-демократии”, in Ленин В. И. ― Полное собрание сочинений, volume 4, page 269; English translation from “A Retrograde Trend in Russian Social-Democracy”, in Lenin's Collected Works, volume 4, translation of original in Russian, 1977, pages 280-281:
- […] real heroes are coming to the fore from amongst the workers, who, despite their wretched living conditions, despite the stultifying penal servitude of factory labour, possess so much character and will-power that they study, study, study, and turn themselves into conscious Social-Democrats — "the working-class intelligentsia." This "working-class intelligentsia" already exists in Russia, and we must make every effort to ensure that its ranks are regularly reinforced, that its lofty mental requirements are met and that leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party come from its ranks.
- [original: […] среди рабочих растет страстное стремление к знанию и к социализму, среди рабочих выделяются настоящие герои, которые — несмотря на безобразную обстановку своей жизни, несмотря на отупляющую каторжную работу на фабрике, — находят в себе столько характера и силы воли, чтобы учиться, учиться и учиться и вырабатывать из себя сознательных социалдемократов, «рабочую интеллигенцию». В России уже есть эта «рабочая интеллигенция», и мы должны приложить все усилия к тому, чтобы ее ряды постоянно расширялись, чтобы ее высокие умственные запросы вполне удовлетворялись, чтобы из ее рядов выходили руководители русской социал-демократической рабочей партии.]
- […] sredi rabočix rastet strastnoje stremlenije k znaniju i k socializmu, sredi rabočix vydeljajutsja nastojaščije geroi, kotoryje — nesmotrja na bezobraznuju obstanovku svojej žizni, nesmotrja na otupljajuščuju katoržnuju rabotu na fabrike, — naxodjat v sebe stolʹko xaraktera i sily voli, štoby učitʹsja, učitʹsja i učitʹsja i vyrabatyvatʹ iz sebja soznatelʹnyx socialdemokratov, «rabočuju intelligenciju». V Rossii uže jestʹ eta «rabočaja intelligencija», i my dolžny priložitʹ vse usilija k tomu, štoby jeje rjady postojanno rasširjalisʹ, štoby jeje vysokije umstvennyje zaprosy vpolne udovletvorjalisʹ, štoby iz jeje rjadov vyxodili rukovoditeli russkoj social-demokratičeskoj rabočej partii.
- 1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:
- It should be noted that there is now no intelligentsia that is not in some sense "Left". Perhaps the last right-wing intellectual was T. E. Lawrence. Since about 1930 everyone describable as an “intellectual” has lived in a state of chronic discontent with the existing order.
Related terms
Translations
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References
- ^ “intelligentsia”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary (2007)
Danish
Etymology
From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Italian intellighenzia, from Latin intelligentia.
Noun
intelligentsia c (singular definite intelligentsiaen, plural indefinite intelligentsiaer)
Inflection
common gender |
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | intelligentsia | intelligentsiaen | intelligentsiaer | intelligentsiaerne |
genitive | intelligentsias | intelligentsiaens | intelligentsiaers | intelligentsiaernes |
Synonyms
Finnish
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Italian intellighenzia, from Latin intelligentia.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈintelːiɡentsiɑ/, [ˈin̪t̪e̞lːiˌɡe̞n.ts̠iɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -en.tsiɑ
- Syllabification(key): in‧tel‧li‧gent‧si‧a
- Hyphenation(key): in‧tel‧li‧gent‧sia
Noun
intelligentsia
Declension
Inflection of intelligentsia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | intelligentsia | intelligentsiat | |
genitive | intelligentsian | intelligentsioiden intelligentsioitten | |
partitive | intelligentsiaa | intelligentsioita | |
illative | intelligentsiaan | intelligentsioihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | intelligentsia | intelligentsiat | |
accusative | nom. | intelligentsia | intelligentsiat |
gen. | intelligentsian | ||
genitive | intelligentsian | intelligentsioiden intelligentsioitten intelligentsiain rare | |
partitive | intelligentsiaa | intelligentsioita | |
inessive | intelligentsiassa | intelligentsioissa | |
elative | intelligentsiasta | intelligentsioista | |
illative | intelligentsiaan | intelligentsioihin | |
adessive | intelligentsialla | intelligentsioilla | |
ablative | intelligentsialta | intelligentsioilta | |
allative | intelligentsialle | intelligentsioille | |
essive | intelligentsiana | intelligentsioina | |
translative | intelligentsiaksi | intelligentsioiksi | |
abessive | intelligentsiatta | intelligentsioitta | |
instructive | — | intelligentsioin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of intelligentsia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- älymystö (intellectuals as a group)
- (in East Europe): intelligentsija
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /in.te.li.ʒɛnt.sja/
Audio: (file)
Noun
intelligentsia f (plural intelligentsias)
Further reading
- “intelligentsia”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”). Doublet of inteligência.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.si.ɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sjɐ/, /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.si.ɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sɪ.ɐ], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sjɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.si.a/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sɪ.a], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽt.sja/, /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.si.a/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sɪ.a], (faster pronunciation) /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽt.sja/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ĩ.tɛ.liˈɡẽ.tsjɐ/ [ĩ.tɛ.liˈɣẽ.tsjɐ], /ĩ.tɛ.liˈʒẽ.tsjɐ/
Noun
intelligentsia f (plural intelligentsias)
- (politics) intelligentsia (the intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine)
Further reading
- “intelligentsia”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025
- “intelligentsia”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
Swedish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Russian интеллиге́нция (intelligéncija), from Latin intellegentia (“intelligence”).
Noun
intelligentsia c
Declension
nominative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|
singular | indefinite | intelligentsia | intelligentsias |
definite | intelligentsian | intelligentsians | |
plural | indefinite | — | — |
definite | — | — |