khuluma
Phuthi
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-khúlúma
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-khúlúma
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-khúlúma
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
-khulúma
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukukhuluma | ukungakhulumi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | khuluma | -khulume | ||||
| plural | khulumani | -khulumeni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhuluma, ngikhuluma | engikhulumayo, engikhuluma | ngikhuluma | angikhulumi | engingakhulumi | ngingakhulumi |
| 2nd singular | uyakhuluma, ukhuluma | okhulumayo, okhuluma | ukhuluma | awukhulumi | ongakhulumi | ungakhulumi |
| 1st plural | siyakhuluma, sikhuluma | esikhulumayo, esikhuluma | sikhuluma | asikhulumi | esingakhulumi | singakhulumi |
| 2nd plural | niyakhuluma, nikhuluma | enikhulumayo, enikhuluma | nikhuluma | anikhulumi | eningakhulumi | ningakhulumi |
| class 1 | uyakhuluma, ukhuluma | okhulumayo, okhuluma | ekhuluma | akakhulumi | ongakhulumi | engakhulumi |
| class 2 | bayakhuluma, bakhuluma | abakhulumayo, abakhuluma | bekhuluma | abakhulumi | abangakhulumi | bengakhulumi |
| class 3 | uyakhuluma, ukhuluma | okhulumayo, okhuluma | ukhuluma | awukhulumi | ongakhulumi | ungakhulumi |
| class 4 | iyakhuluma, ikhuluma | ekhulumayo, ekhuluma | ikhuluma | ayikhulumi | engakhulumi | ingakhulumi |
| class 5 | liyakhuluma, likhuluma | elikhulumayo, elikhuluma | likhuluma | alikhulumi | elingakhulumi | lingakhulumi |
| class 6 | ayakhuluma, akhuluma | akhulumayo, akhuluma | ekhuluma | awakhulumi | angakhulumi | engakhulumi |
| class 7 | siyakhuluma, sikhuluma | esikhulumayo, esikhuluma | sikhuluma | asikhulumi | esingakhulumi | singakhulumi |
| class 8 | ziyakhuluma, zikhuluma | ezikhulumayo, ezikhuluma | zikhuluma | azikhulumi | ezingakhulumi | zingakhulumi |
| class 9 | iyakhuluma, ikhuluma | ekhulumayo, ekhuluma | ikhuluma | ayikhulumi | engakhulumi | ingakhulumi |
| class 10 | ziyakhuluma, zikhuluma | ezikhulumayo, ezikhuluma | zikhuluma | azikhulumi | ezingakhulumi | zingakhulumi |
| class 11 | luyakhuluma, lukhuluma | olukhulumayo, olukhuluma | lukhuluma | alukhulumi | olungakhulumi | lungakhulumi |
| class 14 | buyakhuluma, bukhuluma | obukhulumayo, obukhuluma | bukhuluma | abukhulumi | obungakhulumi | bungakhulumi |
| class 15 | kuyakhuluma, kukhuluma | okukhulumayo, okukhuluma | kukhuluma | akukhulumi | okungakhulumi | kungakhulumi |
| class 17 | kuyakhuluma, kukhuluma | okukhulumayo, okukhuluma | kukhuluma | akukhulumi | okungakhulumi | kungakhulumi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngikhulumile, ngikhulumē | engikhulumile, engikhulumē | ngikhulumile, ngikhulumē | angikhulumanga | engingakhulumanga | ngingakhulumanga |
| 2nd singular | ukhulumile, ukhulumē | okhulumile, okhulumē | ukhulumile, ukhulumē | awukhulumanga | ongakhulumanga | ungakhulumanga |
| 1st plural | sikhulumile, sikhulumē | esikhulumile, esikhulumē | sikhulumile, sikhulumē | asikhulumanga | esingakhulumanga | singakhulumanga |
| 2nd plural | nikhulumile, nikhulumē | enikhulumile, enikhulumē | nikhulumile, nikhulumē | anikhulumanga | eningakhulumanga | ningakhulumanga |
| class 1 | ukhulumile, ukhulumē | okhulumile, okhulumē | ekhulumile, ekhulumē | akakhulumanga | ongakhulumanga | engakhulumanga |
| class 2 | bakhulumile, bakhulumē | abakhulumile, abakhulumē | bekhulumile, bekhulumē | abakhulumanga | abangakhulumanga | bengakhulumanga |
| class 3 | ukhulumile, ukhulumē | okhulumile, okhulumē | ukhulumile, ukhulumē | awukhulumanga | ongakhulumanga | ungakhulumanga |
| class 4 | ikhulumile, ikhulumē | ekhulumile, ekhulumē | ikhulumile, ikhulumē | ayikhulumanga | engakhulumanga | ingakhulumanga |
| class 5 | likhulumile, likhulumē | elikhulumile, elikhulumē | likhulumile, likhulumē | alikhulumanga | elingakhulumanga | lingakhulumanga |
| class 6 | akhulumile, akhulumē | akhulumile, akhulumē | ekhulumile, ekhulumē | awakhulumanga | angakhulumanga | engakhulumanga |
| class 7 | sikhulumile, sikhulumē | esikhulumile, esikhulumē | sikhulumile, sikhulumē | asikhulumanga | esingakhulumanga | singakhulumanga |
| class 8 | zikhulumile, zikhulumē | ezikhulumile, ezikhulumē | zikhulumile, zikhulumē | azikhulumanga | ezingakhulumanga | zingakhulumanga |
| class 9 | ikhulumile, ikhulumē | ekhulumile, ekhulumē | ikhulumile, ikhulumē | ayikhulumanga | engakhulumanga | ingakhulumanga |
| class 10 | zikhulumile, zikhulumē | ezikhulumile, ezikhulumē | zikhulumile, zikhulumē | azikhulumanga | ezingakhulumanga | zingakhulumanga |
| class 11 | lukhulumile, lukhulumē | olukhulumile, olukhulumē | lukhulumile, lukhulumē | alukhulumanga | olungakhulumanga | lungakhulumanga |
| class 14 | bukhulumile, bukhulumē | obukhulumile, obukhulumē | bukhulumile, bukhulumē | abukhulumanga | obungakhulumanga | bungakhulumanga |
| class 15 | kukhulumile, kukhulumē | okukhulumile, okukhulumē | kukhulumile, kukhulumē | akukhulumanga | okungakhulumanga | kungakhulumanga |
| class 17 | kukhulumile, kukhulumē | okukhulumile, okukhulumē | kukhulumile, kukhulumē | akukhulumanga | okungakhulumanga | kungakhulumanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngākhuluma | engākhuluma | ngākhuluma | angikhulumanga | engingakhulumanga | ngingakhulumanga |
| 2nd singular | wākhuluma | owākhuluma | wākhuluma | awukhulumanga | ongakhulumanga | ungakhulumanga |
| 1st plural | sākhuluma | esākhuluma | sākhuluma | asikhulumanga | esingakhulumanga | singakhulumanga |
| 2nd plural | nākhuluma | enākhuluma | nākhuluma | anikhulumanga | eningakhulumanga | ningakhulumanga |
| class 1 | wākhuluma | owākhuluma | ākhuluma | akakhulumanga | ongakhulumanga | engakhulumanga |
| class 2 | bākhuluma | abākhuluma | bākhuluma | abakhulumanga | abangakhulumanga | bengakhulumanga |
| class 3 | wākhuluma | owākhuluma | wākhuluma | awukhulumanga | ongakhulumanga | ungakhulumanga |
| class 4 | yākhuluma | eyākhuluma | yākhuluma | ayikhulumanga | engakhulumanga | ingakhulumanga |
| class 5 | lākhuluma | elākhuluma | lākhuluma | alikhulumanga | elingakhulumanga | lingakhulumanga |
| class 6 | ākhuluma | ākhuluma | ākhuluma | awakhulumanga | angakhulumanga | engakhulumanga |
| class 7 | sākhuluma | esākhuluma | sākhuluma | asikhulumanga | esingakhulumanga | singakhulumanga |
| class 8 | zākhuluma | ezākhuluma | zākhuluma | azikhulumanga | ezingakhulumanga | zingakhulumanga |
| class 9 | yākhuluma | eyākhuluma | yākhuluma | ayikhulumanga | engakhulumanga | ingakhulumanga |
| class 10 | zākhuluma | ezākhuluma | zākhuluma | azikhulumanga | ezingakhulumanga | zingakhulumanga |
| class 11 | lwākhuluma | olwākhuluma | lwākhuluma | alukhulumanga | olungakhulumanga | lungakhulumanga |
| class 14 | bākhuluma | obākhuluma | bākhuluma | abukhulumanga | obungakhulumanga | bungakhulumanga |
| class 15 | kwākhuluma | okwākhuluma | kwākhuluma | akukhulumanga | okungakhulumanga | kungakhulumanga |
| class 17 | kwākhuluma | okwākhuluma | kwākhuluma | akukhulumanga | okungakhulumanga | kungakhulumanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingakhuluma | — | ngingakhuluma | ngingekhulume | — | ngingekhulume |
| 2nd singular | ungakhuluma | — | ungakhuluma | ungekhulume | — | ungekhulume |
| 1st plural | singakhuluma | — | singakhuluma | singekhulume | — | singekhulume |
| 2nd plural | ningakhuluma | — | ningakhuluma | ningekhulume | — | ningekhulume |
| class 1 | angakhuluma | — | engakhuluma | angekhulume | — | engekhulume |
| class 2 | bangakhuluma | — | bengakhuluma | bangekhulume | — | bengekhulume |
| class 3 | ungakhuluma | — | ungakhuluma | ungekhulume | — | ungekhulume |
| class 4 | ingakhuluma | — | ingakhuluma | ingekhulume | — | ingekhulume |
| class 5 | lingakhuluma | — | lingakhuluma | lingekhulume | — | lingekhulume |
| class 6 | angakhuluma | — | engakhuluma | angekhulume | — | engekhulume |
| class 7 | singakhuluma | — | singakhuluma | singekhulume | — | singekhulume |
| class 8 | zingakhuluma | — | zingakhuluma | zingekhulume | — | zingekhulume |
| class 9 | ingakhuluma | — | ingakhuluma | ingekhulume | — | ingekhulume |
| class 10 | zingakhuluma | — | zingakhuluma | zingekhulume | — | zingekhulume |
| class 11 | lungakhuluma | — | lungakhuluma | lungekhulume | — | lungekhulume |
| class 14 | bungakhuluma | — | bungakhuluma | bungekhulume | — | bungekhulume |
| class 15 | kungakhuluma | — | kungakhuluma | kungekhulume | — | kungekhulume |
| class 17 | kungakhuluma | — | kungakhuluma | kungekhulume | — | kungekhulume |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizokhuluma | engizokhuluma | ngizokhuluma | angizukhuluma | engingezukhuluma | ngingezukhuluma |
| 2nd singular | uzokhuluma | ozokhuluma | uzokhuluma | awuzukhuluma | ongezukhuluma | ungezukhuluma |
| 1st plural | sizokhuluma | esizokhuluma | sizokhuluma | asizukhuluma | esingezukhuluma | singezukhuluma |
| 2nd plural | nizokhuluma | enizokhuluma | nizokhuluma | anizukhuluma | eningezukhuluma | ningezukhuluma |
| class 1 | uzokhuluma | ozokhuluma | ezokhuluma | akazukhuluma | ongezukhuluma | engezukhuluma |
| class 2 | bazokhuluma | abazokhuluma | bezokhuluma | abazukhuluma | abangezukhuluma | bengezukhuluma |
| class 3 | uzokhuluma | ozokhuluma | uzokhuluma | awuzukhuluma | ongezukhuluma | ungezukhuluma |
| class 4 | izokhuluma | ezokhuluma | izokhuluma | ayizukhuluma | engezukhuluma | ingezukhuluma |
| class 5 | lizokhuluma | elizokhuluma | lizokhuluma | alizukhuluma | elingezukhuluma | lingezukhuluma |
| class 6 | azokhuluma | azokhuluma | ezokhuluma | awazukhuluma | angezukhuluma | engezukhuluma |
| class 7 | sizokhuluma | esizokhuluma | sizokhuluma | asizukhuluma | esingezukhuluma | singezukhuluma |
| class 8 | zizokhuluma | ezizokhuluma | zizokhuluma | azizukhuluma | ezingezukhuluma | zingezukhuluma |
| class 9 | izokhuluma | ezokhuluma | izokhuluma | ayizukhuluma | engezukhuluma | ingezukhuluma |
| class 10 | zizokhuluma | ezizokhuluma | zizokhuluma | azizukhuluma | ezingezukhuluma | zingezukhuluma |
| class 11 | luzokhuluma | oluzokhuluma | luzokhuluma | aluzukhuluma | olungezukhuluma | lungezukhuluma |
| class 14 | buzokhuluma | obuzokhuluma | buzokhuluma | abuzukhuluma | obungezukhuluma | bungezukhuluma |
| class 15 | kuzokhuluma | okuzokhuluma | kuzokhuluma | akuzukhuluma | okungezukhuluma | kungezukhuluma |
| class 17 | kuzokhuluma | okuzokhuluma | kuzokhuluma | akuzukhuluma | okungezukhuluma | kungezukhuluma |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhuluma | engiyokhuluma | ngiyokhuluma | angiyukhuluma | engingeyukhuluma | ngingeyukhuluma |
| 2nd singular | uyokhuluma | oyokhuluma | uyokhuluma | awuyukhuluma | ongeyukhuluma | ungeyukhuluma |
| 1st plural | siyokhuluma | esiyokhuluma | siyokhuluma | asiyukhuluma | esingeyukhuluma | singeyukhuluma |
| 2nd plural | niyokhuluma | eniyokhuluma | niyokhuluma | aniyukhuluma | eningeyukhuluma | ningeyukhuluma |
| class 1 | uyokhuluma | oyokhuluma | eyokhuluma | akayukhuluma | ongeyukhuluma | engeyukhuluma |
| class 2 | bayokhuluma | abayokhuluma | beyokhuluma | abayukhuluma | abangeyukhuluma | bengeyukhuluma |
| class 3 | uyokhuluma | oyokhuluma | uyokhuluma | awuyukhuluma | ongeyukhuluma | ungeyukhuluma |
| class 4 | iyokhuluma | eyokhuluma | iyokhuluma | ayiyukhuluma | engeyukhuluma | ingeyukhuluma |
| class 5 | liyokhuluma | eliyokhuluma | liyokhuluma | aliyukhuluma | elingeyukhuluma | lingeyukhuluma |
| class 6 | ayokhuluma | ayokhuluma | eyokhuluma | awayukhuluma | angeyukhuluma | engeyukhuluma |
| class 7 | siyokhuluma | esiyokhuluma | siyokhuluma | asiyukhuluma | esingeyukhuluma | singeyukhuluma |
| class 8 | ziyokhuluma | eziyokhuluma | ziyokhuluma | aziyukhuluma | ezingeyukhuluma | zingeyukhuluma |
| class 9 | iyokhuluma | eyokhuluma | iyokhuluma | ayiyukhuluma | engeyukhuluma | ingeyukhuluma |
| class 10 | ziyokhuluma | eziyokhuluma | ziyokhuluma | aziyukhuluma | ezingeyukhuluma | zingeyukhuluma |
| class 11 | luyokhuluma | oluyokhuluma | luyokhuluma | aluyukhuluma | olungeyukhuluma | lungeyukhuluma |
| class 14 | buyokhuluma | obuyokhuluma | buyokhuluma | abuyukhuluma | obungeyukhuluma | bungeyukhuluma |
| class 15 | kuyokhuluma | okuyokhuluma | kuyokhuluma | akuyukhuluma | okungeyukhuluma | kungeyukhuluma |
| class 17 | kuyokhuluma | okuyokhuluma | kuyokhuluma | akuyukhuluma | okungeyukhuluma | kungeyukhuluma |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngikhulume | ngingakhulumi | ||||
| 2nd singular | ukhulume | ungakhulumi | ||||
| 1st plural | sikhulume | singakhulumi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nikhulume | ningakhulumi | ||||
| class 1 | akhulume | angakhulumi | ||||
| class 2 | bakhulume | bangakhulumi | ||||
| class 3 | ukhulume | ungakhulumi | ||||
| class 4 | ikhulume | ingakhulumi | ||||
| class 5 | likhulume | lingakhulumi | ||||
| class 6 | akhulume | angakhulumi | ||||
| class 7 | sikhulume | singakhulumi | ||||
| class 8 | zikhulume | zingakhulumi | ||||
| class 9 | ikhulume | ingakhulumi | ||||
| class 10 | zikhulume | zingakhulumi | ||||
| class 11 | lukhulume | lungakhulumi | ||||
| class 14 | bukhulume | bungakhulumi | ||||
| class 15 | kukhulume | kungakhulumi | ||||
| class 17 | kukhulume | kungakhulumi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngakhuluma | ngangakhuluma, angakhuluma, angangakhuluma | ||||
| 2nd singular | wakhuluma | wangakhuluma, awakhuluma, awangakhuluma | ||||
| 1st plural | sakhuluma | sangakhuluma, asakhuluma, asangakhuluma | ||||
| 2nd plural | nakhuluma | nangakhuluma, anakhuluma, anangakhuluma | ||||
| class 1 | wakhuluma | wangakhuluma, akakhuluma, akangakhuluma | ||||
| class 2 | bakhuluma | bangakhuluma, abakhuluma, abangakhuluma | ||||
| class 3 | wakhuluma | wangakhuluma, awakhuluma, awangakhuluma | ||||
| class 4 | yakhuluma | yangakhuluma, ayakhuluma, ayangakhuluma | ||||
| class 5 | lakhuluma | langakhuluma, alakhuluma, alangakhuluma | ||||
| class 6 | akhuluma | angakhuluma, awakhuluma, awangakhuluma | ||||
| class 7 | sakhuluma | sangakhuluma, asakhuluma, asangakhuluma | ||||
| class 8 | zakhuluma | zangakhuluma, azakhuluma, azangakhuluma | ||||
| class 9 | yakhuluma | yangakhuluma, ayakhuluma, ayangakhuluma | ||||
| class 10 | zakhuluma | zangakhuluma, azakhuluma, azangakhuluma | ||||
| class 11 | lwakhuluma | lwangakhuluma, alwakhuluma, alwangakhuluma | ||||
| class 14 | bakhuluma | bangakhuluma, abakhuluma, abangakhuluma | ||||
| class 15 | kwakhuluma | kwangakhuluma, akwakhuluma, akwangakhuluma | ||||
| class 17 | kwakhuluma | kwangakhuluma, akwakhuluma, akwangakhuluma | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khuluma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khuluma (3.2.9)”