kleen
Central Franconian
Alternative forms
- klään (eastern Moselle Franconian, except Westerwald)
- klein (Kölsch; Westerwald)
Etymology
From Old High German kleini, from Proto-West Germanic *klainī.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kleːn/
Adjective
kleen (masculine kleene, feminine kleen, comparative kleener, superlative et kleenste)
- (Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) little; small
- Mer hann ene kleene Jaade hengerm Huus.
- We have a small garden behind our house.
Usage notes
- Even in dialects that do not have a general n-deletion rule, kleen does commonly lose the final -n in the neuter nominative and accusative before consonants other than h—by analogy with the structure words een (“one”) and keen (“no”). Thus, for example, in Ripuarian: e klee bessje (“a little bit”).
Hunsrik
Alternative forms
- klenn
Etymology
From Central Franconian kleen, from Middle High German klein, kleine, from Old High German kleini, from Proto-West Germanic *klainī.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkleːn/
- Rhymes: -eːn
- Syllabification: kleen
Adjective
kleen (comparative kleener, superlative kleenest)
- little (small in size)
- Die Tass is zu kleen. ― The cup is too small.
- Sie hon zweu kleene Hunn. ― They have two little dogs.
- short (small in height)
- Sie is en kleene Fraa. ― She's a short woman.
- small; young
- Er is noch en kleenes Kind. ― He is still a small child.
Declension
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
weak inflection | nominative | kleen | kleen | kleen | kleene |
accusative | kleene | kleen | kleen | kleene | |
dative | kleene | kleene | kleene | kleene | |
strong inflection | nominative | kleener | kleene | kleenes | kleene |
accusative | kleene | kleene | kleenes | kleene | |
dative | kleenem | kleener | kleenem | kleene |
Antonyms
References
- Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “kleen”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 91, column 2
Low German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Low German kleine, from Old Saxon klēni, from Proto-West Germanic *klainī. Cognate to German and Dutch klein, English clean.
Adjective
kleen (comparative klener, superlative kleenst)
Declension
The following declension only represents one of many possible dialectal grammars.
Positive forms of kleen
gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | he is | se is | dat is | se sünd | |
partitive | een Kleens | een Kleens | wat Kleens | allens Kleen | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | klene | klene | kleen | klene |
oblique | klenen | klene | kleen | klene | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de klene | de klene | dat klene | de klenen |
oblique | den klenen | de klene | dat klene | de klenen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en klene/klenen | en klene | en kleen/klenet | (keen) klenen |
oblique | en klenen | en klene | en kleen/klenet | (keen) klenen |
Comparative forms of kleen
gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | he is klener | se is klener | dat is klener | se sünd klener | |
partitive | een kleners | een kleners | wat kleners | allens klener | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | klenere | klenere | klener | klenere |
oblique | klenern | klenere | klener | klenere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de klenere | de klenere | dat klenere | de klenern |
oblique | den klenern | de klenere | dat klenere | de klenern | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en klenere/kleneren | en klenere | en klener | (keen) klenern |
oblique | en klenern | en klenere | en klener | (keen) klenern |
Superlative forms of kleen
gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
predicative | he is de Kleenste | se is de Kleenste | dat is dat Kleenste | se sünd de Kleensten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | kleenste | kleenste | kleenst | kleenste |
oblique | kleensten | kleenste | kleenst | kleenste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | de kleenste | de kleenste | dat kleenste | de kleensten |
oblique | den kleensten | de kleenste | dat kleenste | de kleensten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | en kleenste/kleensten | en kleenste | en kleenst | (keen) kleensten |
oblique | en kleensten | en kleenste | en kleenst | (keen) kleensten |
Note: This declension is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.