kopik

See also: köpik

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably an onomatopoeia + -ik. Its stem may be the same as of the verb koppan (to thud). [1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkopik]
  • Hyphenation: ko‧pik
  • Rhymes: -opik

Verb

kopik

  1. (intransitive, of an object) to become threadbare, to get thin from wear
    Kopik a gyerekek cipője, újat kell vennem.The kids' shoes are wearing out, I need to buy some new ones.
  2. (intransitive, of the human body) to wear out (to deteriorate over time due to continued use, exposure, or strain)

Usage notes

This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.

Conjugation

Conjugation of kopik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. kopok kopsz kopik kopunk koptok kopnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. koptam koptál kopott koptunk koptatok koptak
def.
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. kopni fog.
archaic
preterite
indef. kopék or
kopám
kopál kopa or
kopék
kopánk kopátok kopának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kopik vala, kopott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. kopandok
(or kopandom)
kopandasz
(or kopandol)
kopand
(or kopandik*)
kopandunk kopandotok kopandanak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. kopnék
(or kopnám)
kopnál kopna
(or kopnék*)
kopnánk kopnátok kopnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kopott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. kopjak kopj or
kopjál
kopjon or
kopjék
kopjunk kopjatok kopjanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kopott légyen
infinitive kopni kopnom kopnod kopnia kopnunk kopnotok kopniuk
other
forms
verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
kopás kopó kopott kopva (kopván) koptat
Potential conjugation of kopik
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal
3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal
1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal
3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. kophatok kophatsz
(or kophatol)
kophat
(or kophatik)
kophatunk kophattok kophatnak
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. kophattam kophattál kophatott kophattunk kophattatok kophattak
def.
2nd obj
archaic
preterite
indef. kophaték or
kophatám
kophatál kophata or
kophaték
kophatánk kophatátok kophatának
def.
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kophat vala, kophatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. kophatandok
or kopandhatok
(or kophatandom
or kopandhatom)
kophatandasz
or kopandhatsz
(or kophatandol
or kopandhatol)
kophatand
or kopandhat
(or kophatandik
or kopandhatik*)
kophatandunk
or kopandhatunk
kophatandotok
or kopandhattok
kophatandanak
or kopandhatnak
def.
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. kophatnék
(or kophatnám)
kophatnál kophatna
(or kophatnék*)
kophatnánk kophatnátok kophatnának
def.
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. kophatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. kophassak or
kophassam
kophass or
kophassál
kophasson or
kophassék
kophassunk kophassatok kophassanak
def.
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. kophatott légyen
infinitive (kophatni) (kophatnom) (kophatnod) (kophatnia) (kophatnunk) (kophatnotok) (kophatniuk)
other
forms
positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
(kophatva / kophatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. ^ Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (“Explanatory Dictionary Plus”). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN

Further reading

  • kopik in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.