Polish
Etymology
Uncertain, perhaps a deverbal from kutwić.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -utfa
- Syllabification: ku‧twa
Noun
kutwa m pers or f
- (colloquial, derogatory) penny pincher, skinflint, scrooge, tightwad
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:skąpiec
- Antonym: rozrzutnik
Declension
Masculine declension:
Declension of kutwa
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kutwa
|
kutwy
|
| genitive
|
kutwy
|
kutwów
|
| dative
|
kutwie
|
kutwom
|
| accusative
|
kutwę
|
kutwów
|
| instrumental
|
kutwą
|
kutwami
|
| locative
|
kutwie
|
kutwach
|
| vocative
|
kutwo
|
kutwy
|
Feminine declension:
Declension of kutwa
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kutwa
|
kutwy
|
| genitive
|
kutwy
|
kutw
|
| dative
|
kutwie
|
kutwom
|
| accusative
|
kutwę
|
kutwy
|
| instrumental
|
kutwą
|
kutwami
|
| locative
|
kutwie
|
kutwach
|
| vocative
|
kutwo
|
kutwy
|
- kutwić impf
- kutwieć impf
- (dialectal) kutwosić impf
Further reading
- kutwa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- kutwa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Oskar Kolberg (1867) “kutwa”, in Dzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page 272
Swahili
Pronunciation
Adverb
kutwa
- the whole day
Verb
-kutwa (infinitive kukutwa)
- Passive form of -kuta: to be satisfied, to be met or found
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -kutwa
|
| Positive present
|
-nakutwa
|
| Subjunctive
|
-kutwe
|
| Negative
|
-kutwi
|
| Imperative singular
|
kutwa
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kukutwa
|
| Negative
|
kutokutwa
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
kutwa
|
| Plural
|
kutweni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hukutwa
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -likutwa
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kukutwa
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakutwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninakutwa/nakutwa
|
tunakutwa
|
| 2nd person
|
unakutwa
|
mnakutwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anakutwa
|
wanakutwa
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nakutwa
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -kutwi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sikutwi
|
hatukutwi
|
| 2nd person
|
hukutwi
|
hamkutwi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hakutwi
|
hawakutwi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -kutwi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -takutwa
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -takutwa
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kutwe)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nikutwe
|
tukutwe
|
| 2nd person
|
ukutwe
|
mkutwe
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akutwe
|
wakutwe
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -kutwe
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sikutwe
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngekutwa
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singekutwa
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalikutwa
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalikutwa
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akutwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nakutwa
|
twakutwa
|
| 2nd person
|
wakutwa
|
mwakutwa
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
akutwa
|
wakutwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wakutwa
|
yakutwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lakutwa
|
yakutwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chakutwa
|
vyakutwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yakutwa
|
zakutwa
|
| u(XI)
|
wakutwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwakutwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pakutwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwakutwa
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mekutwa
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshakutwa
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jakutwa
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kikutwa
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipokutwa
|
| Consecutive
|
kakutwa / positive subject concord + -kakutwa
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kakutwe
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nikutwa
|
-tukutwa
|
| 2nd person
|
-kukutwa
|
-wakutwa/-kukutweni/-wakutweni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mkutwa
|
-wakutwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ukutwa
|
-ikutwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-likutwa
|
-yakutwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kikutwa
|
-vikutwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ikutwa
|
-zikutwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-ukutwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kukutwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pakutwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mukutwa
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jikutwa
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kutwa- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-kutwaye
|
-kutwao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-kutwao
|
-kutwayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-kutwalo
|
-kutwayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kutwacho
|
-kutwavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-kutwayo
|
-kutwazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-kutwao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutwako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-kutwapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-kutwamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kutwa)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yekutwa
|
-okutwa
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-okutwa
|
-yokutwa
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lokutwa
|
-yokutwa
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chokutwa
|
-vyokutwa
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yokutwa
|
-zokutwa
|
| u(XI)
|
-okutwa
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kokutwa
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pokutwa
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mokutwa
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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