lầm than

Vietnamese

Etymology

lầm (“mud (obsolete)”) +‎ than (“coal”), calque of Chinese 塗炭 / 涂炭 (đồ thán).

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ləm˨˩ tʰaːn˧˧]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ləm˦˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [ləm˨˩ tʰaːŋ˧˧]

Adjective

lầm than

  1. miserable, wretched
    • 1944, “Tiến quân ca”, Văn Cao (lyrics), Văn Cao (music):
      Đoàn quân Việt Nam đi, sao vàng phấp phới
      Dắt giống nòi quê hương qua nơi lầm than
      Soldiers of Vietnam, marching onward
      The golden star fluttering.
      Leading the people of our native land,
      out of misery and suffering.
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