li-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

Chichewa

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɽi/

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 subject concord.

Curripaco

Prefix

li-

  1. third person singular masculine agent marker

References

  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Mokilese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /li-/

Prefix

li-

  1. prone to, able to

Munsee

Preverb

li-[1]

  1. In a certain manner; in a certain way;

References

  1. ^ O'Meara, John (2014) “li-”, in Delaware-English/English-Delaware Dictionary (Heritage), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, published 1996, →ISBN

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami لِـ

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. it, ji class(V) subject concord
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:
      مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،
      Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?
      Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?
  2. verb-initial form of -li- (“it, ji class(V) object concord”)

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)
class subject concord object concord relative
affirmative negative
m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo

For a full table including first and second person,
see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Tocharian B

Verb

li-

  1. to wipe away
  2. to cleanse oneself

Tonga (Malawi)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì-

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Tooro

Alternative forms

  • (before vowels) ly-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /li-/

Prefix

li-

  1. class 5 pronominal concord
    ‎li- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎linu (“this (class 5)”)
  2. it; class 5 subject concord
    ‎li- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎likora (“it (class 5) does”)
  3. positive imperative form of -li- (“it; class 5 object concord”)
    ‎li- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎liha (“give it (class 5)”)

See also

Tooro personal pronouns
class person independent possessive subject
concord 		object
concord 		combined forms
na ni
class 1 first nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
class 2 first itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo) 		-ha- N/A nukwo
class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu) 		-ha- N/A numwo
reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Tumbuka

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 subject concord.

Unami

Preverb

li-[1]

  1. In a certain manner; in a certain way; toward

References

  1. ^ Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “li”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Yao

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ì-

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 simple noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

lí-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

References

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