loanshift

From loan +‎ shift.

loanshift (countable and uncountable, plural loanshifts)

1. The situation in which a word changes or extends its meaning under the influence of another language.
   • 1998, Jeffrey Anderson, “Ethnolinguistic Dimensions of Northern Arapaho Language Shift”, in Anthropological Linguistics, volume 40, Bloomington, Ind.: Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 75:

     As linguists, anthropologists, and others involved in translation realize, the boundaries of exchange between languages are not impermeable to loanshift of meanings (Lehiste 1988:20).

   • 2017, Siti Khotijatur Rahm, An Analysis of Indonesian Borrowing Words in The Jakarta Post Newspaper‎^[1], Bangkalan: Trunojoyo University:

     The writer found 40 data that were categorized as Indonesian borrowing words of loanword type. However, the writer did not find any data which belong to loanshift.

   • 2021, Nurul Chojimah, Estu Widodo, “The Borrowing Process of English Covid-19-Related Words into Indonesian”, in Humanus, volume 20, number 2, Padang: State University of Padang, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 183:

     Loan translation is the only borrowing process for loanshift.

2. A word whose meaning has changed in this way.

loanshift (third-person singular simple present loanshifts, present participle loanshifting, simple past and past participle loanshifted)

1. To change a word in this way.
   • 1972, Anthony F. Beltramo, Lexical and Morphological Aspects of Linguistic Acculturation by Mexican Americans in San José, California, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, page 125:

     In the contest between a Spanish word and an English word for its place in the new lexical gap (the right end of a broken line), in loan homonymy an English word wins (chanza₂) and in loanshifting a Spanish word wins (apertura, extended).

   • 2017 August, Neal Rappleye, ““Put Away Childish Things”: Learning to Read the Book of Mormon Using Mature Historical Thought”, in FAIR‎^[2], Redding, Calif., archived from the original on 28 April 2021:

     Early French and English explorers and settlers had never seen a bison before, and thus lacked a proper term for it. So they borrowed—or loanshifted—the name of an animal already familiar to them: buffalo.

   • 2020, Jadwiga Linde-Usiekniewicz, “Conceptual blends in Polish anti-refugee rhetoric”, in Cognitive Linguistics, volume 31, number 4, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

     The loanshifted category appears first as an innovation, becomes entrenched and may be conventionalized with meaning(s) specific to recipient culture.