Egyptian
Etymology
mdwj + -t.
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈmaːtʼat/ → /ˈmaːtʼaʔ/ → /ˈmaːtʼa/ → /ˈmoːtʼə/
Noun
f
- words, speech, things said [since the Pyramid Texts]
- words, text, things written
- words constituting the contents of something specified; wording, text (of a command, letter, etc.)
- language, manner of speech [since the Amarna Period]
- (of the heart/mind) thoughts, words thought internally [Middle Kingdom and Late Egyptian]
- (law) plea
- matter, affair, issue (+ genitive: of, concerning (someone or something)) [since the Middle Kingdom]
- ― wḥm mdwt ― to give an account of an issue
- (with following term) forms abstract nouns; -ness [Greco-Roman Period]
- used as a generic object for certain verbs such as wḏ (“to command”) and wḏꜥ (“to judge”)
Usage notes
This word displaced the earlier mdw almost fully by Late Egyptian.
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mdwt
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| mdwt
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mdwt
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mdwt
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mdwt
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mdwt
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mdwt
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mdwtj
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mdw
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[since the Old Kingdom]
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[since the Middle Kingdom]
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[since the Middle Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[New Kingdom]
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[21st Dynasty]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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in hieratic
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in hieratic
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Demotic: mt
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲛ̄ⲧ- (mn̄t-)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧ- (met-)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧ- (met-)
- Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲛ̄ⲧ- (mn̄t-)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲛ̄ⲧ- (mn̄t-)
References
- “mdw.t (lemma ID 78030)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 181.7–182.2
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 122
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 57