miễn cưỡng

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 勉強, composed of 勉 (“to force”) and 強 (“to compel”), from Literary Chinese 勉強 (“to compel; compelled; reluctant”). Compare Japanese 勉強 (benkyō, “self-imposed work; study; learning”).

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [miən˦ˀ˥ kɨəŋ˦ˀ˥]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [miəŋ˧˨ kɨəŋ˧˨]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [miəŋ˨˩˦ kɨəŋ˨˩˦]

Adjective

miễn cưỡng

  1. unwilling; reluctant

Adverb

miễn cưỡng

  1. unwillingly; reluctantly
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