moka'ẽ

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

mboka'ẽ, mbonga'ẽ, monga'ẽ

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mokaʔẽ. By surface analysis, mo- +‎ ka'ẽ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɔ.kaˈʔɛ̃/
Rhymes: -ɛ̃
Hyphenation: mo‧ka‧'ẽ

Noun

moka'ẽ (possessable)

buccan (a framework or grill upon which meat is laid to be roasted)^[1]^[2]
buccan; barbecue (grilled meat)
- 1557, Hans Staden, chapter XXVI, in Warhaftige Hiſtoria [True History], volume 2 (overall work in German), Marburg: Andreas Kolbe, unnumbered page:
  Yande ſoo/ſche mocken Sera Quoꝛa Oſſarime Rire.
  [Nde ro'o xe moka'ẽ serã kûarasye'yma riré.]
  Your meat is going to be my buccan after the twilight.

Descendants

Nheengatu: mukaẽ
→ Brazilian Portuguese: moquém
→ French: boucan
- → English: boucan, buccan

Verb

moka'ẽ (first-person singular active indicative aîmoka'ẽ, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmoka'ẽî, noun moka'ẽ) (transitive)

to buccan; to grill^[3]^[4]^[5]
- c. 1583, Joseph of Anchieta, “Na feſta de .ſ. L^ço [At the Saint Lawrence Festival]” (chapter XLIV), in [livrinho de variaſ poeziaſ] [Booklet of various poems], Niterói, page 84v, lines 1087–1093; republished as Maria de Lourdes de Paula Martins, compiler, Poesias, São Paulo, 1956, page 160:
  Pejori / peraço muru çupi / yande ratape çapeca, / imõgaemo, ipoqueca / Çaimbecatuabo, ceçi / imogipa, imomêbeca.
  [Peîori / perasó muru supi, / îandé ratápe sapeka, / i monga'emo, i pokeka / Saîmbekatûabo, sesy, / i moîypa, i momembeka.]
  Come, take the damned with you, rising them, to singe them in our fire, buccaning them, wraping them up, well toasting them, roasting them, baking them, melting them.
- 1622, anonymous author, “Tostar assi como elles fazem assando na lauareda, e fumo”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 134; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
  Aimocaẽ.
  [Aîmoka'ẽ.]
  I buccaned it.

Conjugation

Conjugation of moka'ẽ (transitive, nasal vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deverbals
Causative	moka'ẽukar
Reflexive	îemoka'ẽ
-ba'e	oîmoka'ẽba'e
emi-	emimoka'ẽ / mimoka'ẽ
-pyr(a)	i moka'ẽpyra
-sab(a)	moka'ẽsaba
-sar(a)	moka'ẽana / moka'ẽsara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîmoka'ẽ	ereîmoka'ẽ	oîmoka'ẽ	oroîmoka'ẽ	îaîmoka'ẽ	peîmoka'ẽ
Permissive	t'aîmoka'ẽ	t'ereîmoka'ẽ	t'oîmoka'ẽ	t'oroîmoka'ẽ	t'îaîmoka'ẽ	ta peîmoka'ẽ
Imperative		eîmoka'ẽ				peîmoka'ẽ
Negative indicative	n'aîmoka'ẽî	n'ereîmoka'ẽî	n'oîmoka'ẽî	n'oroîmoka'ẽî	n'îaîmoka'ẽî	na peîmoka'ẽî
Negative permissive	t'aîmoka'ẽ umẽ	t'ereîmoka'ẽ umẽ	t'oîmoka'ẽ umẽ	t'oroîmoka'ẽ umẽ	t'îaîmoka'ẽ umẽ	ta peîmoka'ẽ umẽ
Negative imperative		eîmoka'ẽ umẽ				peîmoka'ẽ umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	moka'ẽ
Negative	moka'ẽe'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe moka'ẽmo	nde moka'ẽmo	i moka'ẽmo	oré moka'ẽmo	îandé moka'ẽmo	pe moka'ẽmo
Negative	xe moka'ẽe'yma	nde moka'ẽe'yma	i moka'ẽe'yma	oré moka'ẽe'yma	îandé moka'ẽe'yma	pe moka'ẽe'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe moka'ẽû		i moka'ẽû	oré moka'ẽû	îandé moka'ẽû
Negative	xe moka'ẽe'ymi		i moka'ẽe'ymi	oré moka'ẽe'ymi	îandé moka'ẽe'ymi

References

^ Gabriel Soares de Sousa (1587) chapter CLXXIV, in Noticia do Brasil (overall work in Portuguese), Salvador; republished as Francisco Adolpho de Varnhagen, editor, Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587, Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1851, page 338: “moquem”
^ Claude d'Abbeville (1614) chapter XLIX, in Hiſtoire de la Miſsion des Peres Capucins en L'Iſle de Maragnan et terres circonuoiſines [History of the Mission of the Capuchin Fathers in the Island of Maranhão and surrounding lands] (overall work in French), Paris: Imprimerie de François Huby, page 294: “Boucan”
^ Anton Meisterburg (a. 1756) “Tostar assim”, in [Dicionário de Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Old Tupi), Baixo Xingu, Pará, page 41r, column 2, line 73; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica, Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, →DOI, page 255: “amocaẽ”
^ anonymous author (c. 1757) “Tostar”, in [Vocabulario Portuguez–Brasilico] (overall work in Portuguese); republished as Ernesto Ferreira França, compiler, Chrestomathia da lingua brazilica, Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1859, page 130: “aimocäé”
^ anonymous author (18th century) “Aſſar. Fazer moquêm”, in Diccionario da lingua brazilica [Dictionary of the Brasílica Language]‎^[1] (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), page 40v: “Mocaêm”