monhang

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /mɔ̃ˈɲãŋ/
Rhymes: -ãŋ
Hyphenation: mo‧nhang

Verb

monhang (first-person singular active indicative aîmonhang, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîmonhangi, noun monhanga) (transitive)

to make (to create)
to make (to cause to)
to make (to perform)
to make (to behave, to act)
Synonym: ikó
to utter; to declare
to transform; to make into [with -ramo]
Synonym: apó
to scheme; to conspire; to engineer
to model (to create from a substance)

Usage notes

In old texts, monhang and apó were commonly treated as synonyms. As these were written by Jesuits, it's unkown if native speakers used both verbs indiscriminately.

Conjugation

Conjugation of monhang (transitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.

Deverbals
Causative	monhangukar
Reflexive	îemonhang
-ba'e	oîmonhangyba'e
emi-	emimonhanga / mimonhanga
-pyr(a)	i monhangymbyra
-sab(a)	monhangaba
-sar(a)	monhangara
	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person exclusive	1^st person inclusive	2^nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	aîmonhang	ereîmonhang	oîmonhang	oroîmonhang	îaîmonhang	peîmonhang
Permissive	t'aîmonhang	t'ereîmonhang	t'oîmonhang	t'oroîmonhang	t'îaîmonhang	ta peîmonhang
Imperative		eîmonhang				peîmonhang
Negative indicative	n'aîmonhangi	n'ereîmonhangi	n'oîmonhangi	n'oroîmonhangi	n'îaîmonhangi	na peîmonhangi
Negative permissive	t'aîmonhang umẽ	t'ereîmonhang umẽ	t'oîmonhang umẽ	t'oroîmonhang umẽ	t'îaîmonhang umẽ	ta peîmonhang umẽ
Negative imperative		eîmonhang umẽ				peîmonhang umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	monhanga
Negative	monhange'yma
Gerund
Affirmative	xe monhanga	nde monhanga	i monhanga	oré monhanga	îandé monhanga	pe monhanga
Negative	xe monhange'yma	nde monhange'yma	i monhange'yma	oré monhange'yma	îandé monhange'yma	pe monhange'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe monhangi		i monhangi	oré monhangi	îandé monhangi
Negative	xe monhange'ymi		i monhange'ymi	oré monhange'ymi	îandé monhange'ymi

Derived terms

emimonhanga
i monhangymbyra
monhangaba
monhangara

Descendants

Nheengatu: munhã

References

Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “monhang”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 307, columns 1–2