Navajo
Etymology
na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -né (continuative imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to play”).
Pronunciation
Verb
naané
- he/she is playing
- Amásání doo naanée da! ― Grandma don’t play!
- Bee naané. ― He plays with it (a toy); he plays it (a musical instrument).
- Bił naané. ― He plays with him (a person).
- he/she is teasing
Conjugation
Paradigm: Continuative (∅/si).
| iterative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
nináshʼneeh
|
ninéiiʼneeh
|
ninádeiiʼneeh
|
| 2nd person
|
nináníʼneeh
|
nináhʼneeh
|
ninádaahʼneeh
|
| 3rd person
|
nináʼneeh
|
ninádaaʼneeh
|
| 4th person
|
ninájíʼneeh
|
ninádajiʼneeh
|
| optative
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
naooshneʼ
|
naooʼneʼ
|
ndaooʼneʼ
|
| 2nd person
|
naóóneʼ
|
naoohneʼ
|
ndaoohneʼ
|
| 3rd person
|
naooneʼ
|
ndaooneʼ
|
| 4th person
|
njóneʼ
|
ndajóneʼ
|
- FUTURE: -neeł
- IMPERFECTIVE: -né
- PERFECTIVE: -neʼ
- ITERATIVE: -neeh
- OPTATIVE: -neʼ