ngena
Fanagalo
Etymology
From Zulu -ngena, from Proto-Bantu *-jíngɪda.
Verb
ngena
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jíngɪda.
Verb
-ngéna
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jíngɪda.
Verb
-ngéna
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jíngɪda.
Verb
-ngéna
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jíngɪda.
Verb
-ngéna
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jíngɪda.
Verb
-ngéna
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukungena | ukungangeni | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | ngena | -ngene | ||||
| plural | ngenani | -ngeneni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyangena, ngingena | engingenayo, engingena | ngingena | angingeni | engingangeni | ngingangeni |
| 2nd singular | uyangena, ungena | ongenayo, ongena | ungena | awungeni | ongangeni | ungangeni |
| 1st plural | siyangena, singena | esingenayo, esingena | singena | asingeni | esingangeni | singangeni |
| 2nd plural | niyangena, ningena | eningenayo, eningena | ningena | aningeni | eningangeni | ningangeni |
| class 1 | uyangena, ungena | ongenayo, ongena | engena | akangeni | ongangeni | engangeni |
| class 2 | bayangena, bangena | abangenayo, abangena | bengena | abangeni | abangangeni | bengangeni |
| class 3 | uyangena, ungena | ongenayo, ongena | ungena | awungeni | ongangeni | ungangeni |
| class 4 | iyangena, ingena | engenayo, engena | ingena | ayingeni | engangeni | ingangeni |
| class 5 | liyangena, lingena | elingenayo, elingena | lingena | alingeni | elingangeni | lingangeni |
| class 6 | ayangena, angena | angenayo, angena | engena | awangeni | angangeni | engangeni |
| class 7 | siyangena, singena | esingenayo, esingena | singena | asingeni | esingangeni | singangeni |
| class 8 | ziyangena, zingena | ezingenayo, ezingena | zingena | azingeni | ezingangeni | zingangeni |
| class 9 | iyangena, ingena | engenayo, engena | ingena | ayingeni | engangeni | ingangeni |
| class 10 | ziyangena, zingena | ezingenayo, ezingena | zingena | azingeni | ezingangeni | zingangeni |
| class 11 | luyangena, lungena | olungenayo, olungena | lungena | alungeni | olungangeni | lungangeni |
| class 14 | buyangena, bungena | obungenayo, obungena | bungena | abungeni | obungangeni | bungangeni |
| class 15 | kuyangena, kungena | okungenayo, okungena | kungena | akungeni | okungangeni | kungangeni |
| class 17 | kuyangena, kungena | okungenayo, okungena | kungena | akungeni | okungangeni | kungangeni |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingenile, ngingenē | engingenile, engingenē | ngingenile, ngingenē | angingenanga | engingangenanga | ngingangenanga |
| 2nd singular | ungenile, ungenē | ongenile, ongenē | ungenile, ungenē | awungenanga | ongangenanga | ungangenanga |
| 1st plural | singenile, singenē | esingenile, esingenē | singenile, singenē | asingenanga | esingangenanga | singangenanga |
| 2nd plural | ningenile, ningenē | eningenile, eningenē | ningenile, ningenē | aningenanga | eningangenanga | ningangenanga |
| class 1 | ungenile, ungenē | ongenile, ongenē | engenile, engenē | akangenanga | ongangenanga | engangenanga |
| class 2 | bangenile, bangenē | abangenile, abangenē | bengenile, bengenē | abangenanga | abangangenanga | bengangenanga |
| class 3 | ungenile, ungenē | ongenile, ongenē | ungenile, ungenē | awungenanga | ongangenanga | ungangenanga |
| class 4 | ingenile, ingenē | engenile, engenē | ingenile, ingenē | ayingenanga | engangenanga | ingangenanga |
| class 5 | lingenile, lingenē | elingenile, elingenē | lingenile, lingenē | alingenanga | elingangenanga | lingangenanga |
| class 6 | angenile, angenē | angenile, angenē | engenile, engenē | awangenanga | angangenanga | engangenanga |
| class 7 | singenile, singenē | esingenile, esingenē | singenile, singenē | asingenanga | esingangenanga | singangenanga |
| class 8 | zingenile, zingenē | ezingenile, ezingenē | zingenile, zingenē | azingenanga | ezingangenanga | zingangenanga |
| class 9 | ingenile, ingenē | engenile, engenē | ingenile, ingenē | ayingenanga | engangenanga | ingangenanga |
| class 10 | zingenile, zingenē | ezingenile, ezingenē | zingenile, zingenē | azingenanga | ezingangenanga | zingangenanga |
| class 11 | lungenile, lungenē | olungenile, olungenē | lungenile, lungenē | alungenanga | olungangenanga | lungangenanga |
| class 14 | bungenile, bungenē | obungenile, obungenē | bungenile, bungenē | abungenanga | obungangenanga | bungangenanga |
| class 15 | kungenile, kungenē | okungenile, okungenē | kungenile, kungenē | akungenanga | okungangenanga | kungangenanga |
| class 17 | kungenile, kungenē | okungenile, okungenē | kungenile, kungenē | akungenanga | okungangenanga | kungangenanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāngena | engāngena | ngāngena | angingenanga | engingangenanga | ngingangenanga |
| 2nd singular | wāngena | owāngena | wāngena | awungenanga | ongangenanga | ungangenanga |
| 1st plural | sāngena | esāngena | sāngena | asingenanga | esingangenanga | singangenanga |
| 2nd plural | nāngena | enāngena | nāngena | aningenanga | eningangenanga | ningangenanga |
| class 1 | wāngena | owāngena | āngena | akangenanga | ongangenanga | engangenanga |
| class 2 | bāngena | abāngena | bāngena | abangenanga | abangangenanga | bengangenanga |
| class 3 | wāngena | owāngena | wāngena | awungenanga | ongangenanga | ungangenanga |
| class 4 | yāngena | eyāngena | yāngena | ayingenanga | engangenanga | ingangenanga |
| class 5 | lāngena | elāngena | lāngena | alingenanga | elingangenanga | lingangenanga |
| class 6 | āngena | āngena | āngena | awangenanga | angangenanga | engangenanga |
| class 7 | sāngena | esāngena | sāngena | asingenanga | esingangenanga | singangenanga |
| class 8 | zāngena | ezāngena | zāngena | azingenanga | ezingangenanga | zingangenanga |
| class 9 | yāngena | eyāngena | yāngena | ayingenanga | engangenanga | ingangenanga |
| class 10 | zāngena | ezāngena | zāngena | azingenanga | ezingangenanga | zingangenanga |
| class 11 | lwāngena | olwāngena | lwāngena | alungenanga | olungangenanga | lungangenanga |
| class 14 | bāngena | obāngena | bāngena | abungenanga | obungangenanga | bungangenanga |
| class 15 | kwāngena | okwāngena | kwāngena | akungenanga | okungangenanga | kungangenanga |
| class 17 | kwāngena | okwāngena | kwāngena | akungenanga | okungangenanga | kungangenanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingangena | — | ngingangena | ngingengene | — | ngingengene |
| 2nd singular | ungangena | — | ungangena | ungengene | — | ungengene |
| 1st plural | singangena | — | singangena | singengene | — | singengene |
| 2nd plural | ningangena | — | ningangena | ningengene | — | ningengene |
| class 1 | angangena | — | engangena | angengene | — | engengene |
| class 2 | bangangena | — | bengangena | bangengene | — | bengengene |
| class 3 | ungangena | — | ungangena | ungengene | — | ungengene |
| class 4 | ingangena | — | ingangena | ingengene | — | ingengene |
| class 5 | lingangena | — | lingangena | lingengene | — | lingengene |
| class 6 | angangena | — | engangena | angengene | — | engengene |
| class 7 | singangena | — | singangena | singengene | — | singengene |
| class 8 | zingangena | — | zingangena | zingengene | — | zingengene |
| class 9 | ingangena | — | ingangena | ingengene | — | ingengene |
| class 10 | zingangena | — | zingangena | zingengene | — | zingengene |
| class 11 | lungangena | — | lungangena | lungengene | — | lungengene |
| class 14 | bungangena | — | bungangena | bungengene | — | bungengene |
| class 15 | kungangena | — | kungangena | kungengene | — | kungengene |
| class 17 | kungangena | — | kungangena | kungengene | — | kungengene |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizongena | engizongena | ngizongena | angizungena | engingezungena | ngingezungena |
| 2nd singular | uzongena | ozongena | uzongena | awuzungena | ongezungena | ungezungena |
| 1st plural | sizongena | esizongena | sizongena | asizungena | esingezungena | singezungena |
| 2nd plural | nizongena | enizongena | nizongena | anizungena | eningezungena | ningezungena |
| class 1 | uzongena | ozongena | ezongena | akazungena | ongezungena | engezungena |
| class 2 | bazongena | abazongena | bezongena | abazungena | abangezungena | bengezungena |
| class 3 | uzongena | ozongena | uzongena | awuzungena | ongezungena | ungezungena |
| class 4 | izongena | ezongena | izongena | ayizungena | engezungena | ingezungena |
| class 5 | lizongena | elizongena | lizongena | alizungena | elingezungena | lingezungena |
| class 6 | azongena | azongena | ezongena | awazungena | angezungena | engezungena |
| class 7 | sizongena | esizongena | sizongena | asizungena | esingezungena | singezungena |
| class 8 | zizongena | ezizongena | zizongena | azizungena | ezingezungena | zingezungena |
| class 9 | izongena | ezongena | izongena | ayizungena | engezungena | ingezungena |
| class 10 | zizongena | ezizongena | zizongena | azizungena | ezingezungena | zingezungena |
| class 11 | luzongena | oluzongena | luzongena | aluzungena | olungezungena | lungezungena |
| class 14 | buzongena | obuzongena | buzongena | abuzungena | obungezungena | bungezungena |
| class 15 | kuzongena | okuzongena | kuzongena | akuzungena | okungezungena | kungezungena |
| class 17 | kuzongena | okuzongena | kuzongena | akuzungena | okungezungena | kungezungena |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyongena | engiyongena | ngiyongena | angiyungena | engingeyungena | ngingeyungena |
| 2nd singular | uyongena | oyongena | uyongena | awuyungena | ongeyungena | ungeyungena |
| 1st plural | siyongena | esiyongena | siyongena | asiyungena | esingeyungena | singeyungena |
| 2nd plural | niyongena | eniyongena | niyongena | aniyungena | eningeyungena | ningeyungena |
| class 1 | uyongena | oyongena | eyongena | akayungena | ongeyungena | engeyungena |
| class 2 | bayongena | abayongena | beyongena | abayungena | abangeyungena | bengeyungena |
| class 3 | uyongena | oyongena | uyongena | awuyungena | ongeyungena | ungeyungena |
| class 4 | iyongena | eyongena | iyongena | ayiyungena | engeyungena | ingeyungena |
| class 5 | liyongena | eliyongena | liyongena | aliyungena | elingeyungena | lingeyungena |
| class 6 | ayongena | ayongena | eyongena | awayungena | angeyungena | engeyungena |
| class 7 | siyongena | esiyongena | siyongena | asiyungena | esingeyungena | singeyungena |
| class 8 | ziyongena | eziyongena | ziyongena | aziyungena | ezingeyungena | zingeyungena |
| class 9 | iyongena | eyongena | iyongena | ayiyungena | engeyungena | ingeyungena |
| class 10 | ziyongena | eziyongena | ziyongena | aziyungena | ezingeyungena | zingeyungena |
| class 11 | luyongena | oluyongena | luyongena | aluyungena | olungeyungena | lungeyungena |
| class 14 | buyongena | obuyongena | buyongena | abuyungena | obungeyungena | bungeyungena |
| class 15 | kuyongena | okuyongena | kuyongena | akuyungena | okungeyungena | kungeyungena |
| class 17 | kuyongena | okuyongena | kuyongena | akuyungena | okungeyungena | kungeyungena |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngingene | ngingangeni | ||||
| 2nd singular | ungene | ungangeni | ||||
| 1st plural | singene | singangeni | ||||
| 2nd plural | ningene | ningangeni | ||||
| class 1 | angene | angangeni | ||||
| class 2 | bangene | bangangeni | ||||
| class 3 | ungene | ungangeni | ||||
| class 4 | ingene | ingangeni | ||||
| class 5 | lingene | lingangeni | ||||
| class 6 | angene | angangeni | ||||
| class 7 | singene | singangeni | ||||
| class 8 | zingene | zingangeni | ||||
| class 9 | ingene | ingangeni | ||||
| class 10 | zingene | zingangeni | ||||
| class 11 | lungene | lungangeni | ||||
| class 14 | bungene | bungangeni | ||||
| class 15 | kungene | kungangeni | ||||
| class 17 | kungene | kungangeni | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngangena | ngangangena, angangena, angangangena | ||||
| 2nd singular | wangena | wangangena, awangena, awangangena | ||||
| 1st plural | sangena | sangangena, asangena, asangangena | ||||
| 2nd plural | nangena | nangangena, anangena, anangangena | ||||
| class 1 | wangena | wangangena, akangena, akangangena | ||||
| class 2 | bangena | bangangena, abangena, abangangena | ||||
| class 3 | wangena | wangangena, awangena, awangangena | ||||
| class 4 | yangena | yangangena, ayangena, ayangangena | ||||
| class 5 | langena | langangena, alangena, alangangena | ||||
| class 6 | angena | angangena, awangena, awangangena | ||||
| class 7 | sangena | sangangena, asangena, asangangena | ||||
| class 8 | zangena | zangangena, azangena, azangangena | ||||
| class 9 | yangena | yangangena, ayangena, ayangangena | ||||
| class 10 | zangena | zangangena, azangena, azangangena | ||||
| class 11 | lwangena | lwangangena, alwangena, alwangangena | ||||
| class 14 | bangena | bangangena, abangena, abangangena | ||||
| class 15 | kwangena | kwangangena, akwangena, akwangangena | ||||
| class 17 | kwangena | kwangangena, akwangena, akwangangena | ||||
Derived terms
- -ngenela (applicative)
- -ngenisa (causative)
- -ngenangena (diminutive)
- -ngenisisa (intensive)
- -ngeneka (neuter-passive)
- -ngenwa (passive)
- -ngenana (reciprocal)
- umNgeni
- isingeno
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ngena”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ngena (6-3.9)”