nhan
See also: Appendix:Variations of "nhan"
Old Tupi
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wan, from Proto-Tupian *jan.[1][2]
Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní nha.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɲãn/
- Rhymes: -ãn
- Hyphenation: nhan
Verb
nhan (first-person singular active indicative anhan, first-person singular negative active indicative n'anhani, noun nhana) (intransitive)
- to run (to move quickly)
- Abá onhan.
- The man runs.
Conjugation
Conjugation of nhan (intransitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
| Causative | monhan | |||||
| Causative-comitative | eronhan | |||||
| Deverbals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ba'e | onhanyba'e | |||||
| -sab(a) | nhandaba | |||||
| -sar(a) | nhandara | |||||
| Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
| Verbal forms | ||||||
| Active | ||||||
| Indicative | anhan | erenhan | onhan | oronhan | îanhan | penhan |
| Permissive | t'anhan | t'erenhan | t'onhan | t'oronhan | t'îanhan | ta penhan |
| Imperative | enhan | penhan | ||||
| Negative indicative | n'anhani | n'erenhani | n'onhani | n'oronhani | n'îanhani | na penhani |
| Negative permissive | t'anhan umẽ | t'erenhan umẽ | t'onhan umẽ | t'oronhan umẽ | t'îanhan umẽ | ta penhan umẽ |
| Negative imperative | enhan umẽ | penhan umẽ | ||||
| Gerund | ||||||
| Affirmative | gûinhana | enhana | onhana | oronhana | îanhana | penhana |
| Negative | gûinhane'yma | enhane'yma | onhane'yma | oronhane'yma | îanhane'yma | penhane'yma |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Affirmative | nhana | |||||
| Negative | nhane'yma | |||||
| Circumstantial | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe nhani | i nhani | oré nhani | îandé nhani | ||
| Negative | xe nhane'ymi | i nhane'ymi | oré nhane'ymi | îandé nhane'ymi | ||
Related terms
- enonhan
- gûaranhana
- monhan
- nhana
- nhandara
- nhandé
- porenonhandara
- sebo'inhanga
- teîunhana
References
- ^ Beatriz Carretta Corrêa da Silva (2010) Mawé/Awetí/Tupí-Guaraní: relações linguísticas e implicações históricas[1] (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
- ^ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (17 March 2000) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais[2] (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC
Further reading
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “nhan”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, pages 333–334